Wednesday, September 18, 2019
Admiralty Outline :: essays research papers
Admiralty Outline Overview Admiralty is federal law, originating in Article III, à § 2 of Constitution. i.à à à à à First Congress included Cases of Admiralty/Maritime in Judiciary Act. ii.à à à à à Supremacy Clause. b.à à à à à If say that case is admiralty/maritime case, governed by admiralty law, is to say that substantive admiralty law applies. i.à à à à à Differences: statute of limitations, comparative laws for recovery, etc. a.à à à à à Main: trial by judge. From very beginning, admiralty cases are w/o juries. May be why someone brings suit in admiralty ââ¬â to avoid the jury. ii.à à à à à Admiralty cases canââ¬â¢t be removed from state to federal courts. a.à à à à à but most admiralty cases can be brought in state courts unless qualify under diversity. b.à à à à à But federal admiralty law will be applied. iii.à à à à à Jurisdiction arises under: a.à à à à à 28 USC 1331: federal question b.à à à à à 28 USC 1332: diversity c.à à à à à 28 USC 1333: admiralty & maritime. iv.à à à à à BUT, Congress didnââ¬â¢t choose to enact substantive law in the statutes ââ¬â left to courts. v.à à à à à Courts mainly address three issues: a.à à à à à what is an admiralty case? b.à à à à à if it is, what is the admiralty rule? c.à à à à à construing the savings to suitors clause ââ¬â eg, what types of cases does Congress mean to say that we only want federal courts sitting in admiralty to have jurisdiction over? Basics of Admiralty Requires: Locality + maritime nexus -à à à à à Executive Jet decision. -à à à à à DeLovio v. Boit (1815): Maritime insurance policies are within admiralty & maritime jurisdiction of US b/c maritime contracts include charter parties, affreightments, marine bonds, Ks for repairing, supplying & navigating ships, Ks between part owners ââ¬â etc ââ¬â AND insurance. Historical limitations: -à à à à à Could only sue in rem -à à à à à Forbade actions in personam vs. shipowner, master. -à à à à à Rules precluding admiralty court from hearing matters arising w/in body of the country. -à à à à à Forbidding admiralty jurisdiction where no influence of tide. -à à à à à Forbidding admiralty jurisdiction involving building or sale of ship. -à à à à à The Thomas Jefferson (SCOTUS, 1825): Action arising on Ohio to Missouri river is not in admiralty, because no influence of tide. à à à à à Great Lakes Act (1845): extends jurisdiction to G. Lakes. oà à à à à Becomes almost superfluous after Genesee Chief, but ââ¬â still allows saving to suitors the right of jury trial if wanted. oà à à à à Possible to have an equal protection argument ââ¬â why in GL, but not other inland navigable waters. But no caselaw. à à à à à The Genesee Chief v. Fitzhugh (SCOTUS, 1851): overrules the TJ. Holds that GL Act is Constitutional. oà à à à à Lakes are inland seas oà à à à à Hostile fleets have been encountered on them, prizes made, reason to have admiralty jurisdiction. oà à à à à Nothing particular in the tide that makes waters suitable for admiralty. oà à à à à Limiting admiralty in country with so many inland navigable waters is impracticable.
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