The Great MIgration and the American Dream - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 715 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/11 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: American Dream Essay The Great Migration Essay Did you like this example? The Great Migration was a push factor towards the American Dream for African Americans to move North to get away from racial segregation and discrimination, poor economic conditions, and job opportunities that opened up which led to the improvement of their lifestyle.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the time period of 1910 to 1930, the Great Migration had occurred. According to Ryan OHare, Over six million African Americans had left the South to escape the poor economic opportunities and social segregation and moved to the cities of the North, Midwest, and West. They were trying to escape racism and Jim Crow laws that were placed in the South. The causes leading to the migration were decreasing of cotton prices, the lack of immigrant workers in the North, increased manufacturing as a result of the war, and the strengthening of the KKK. The migration led to higher wages, more educational opportunities, and better standards of life for some African Americans.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Great MIgration and the American Dream" essay for you Create order While in the South, many African Americans were facing racial segregation and discrimination. In, 1914 every Southern state had passed laws that created two separate societies: one black, the other white. The combination of constant humiliation and segregated education for their children made thousands of African Americans leave the South. They could not ride together in the same railroad cars, sit in the same restaurants, or sit in the same theaters as whites. African Americans were denied access to parks, beaches, picnic areas, and from many hospitals. There was segregation in hotels, stores, entertainment, and libraries. All this fueled an atmosphere of racism and a rise in lynching, rioting, and the Ku Klux Klan. The KKK continued to create violence during this period. They were murdering African Americans to prevent them from voting and participating in public life. They were lynching for any violation that was committed and had burned them alive, shot them, or beat them to deat h. Although this didnt stop African Americans to achieve their dream. African Americans thought of the North as a place where dreams could be met. They soon started moving to the North to search for the American Dream they knew about. To get to the North, most African Americans traveled by train, boat, and bus. Some African Americans had automobiles that they used and a small number had horse-drawn carriages that were used for migrating. According to Alan Desentis, Economic conditions had also motivated African Americans to the leave the South. Other factors that led them to move were unfavorable terms of trade, unequal distribution of property and income, and the pressure of rural property. Economic conditions such as the exacerbation by the limitations of sharecropping, farm failures, and crop damage from the boll weevil made it difficult for African Americans to live a better lifestyle in the South. In the North, World War 1 created a huge demand for workers in factories, many African Americans took this opportunity to get away from the economic con ditions that led them suffering in the South. The need for more workers was urgent as white workers were being sent off to serve in the armed forces. Racial prejudice had kept companies from hiring African Americans, but the profit they stood to make during the wartime economy overrode any hiring prejudice. Though companies were desperate for workers, many industries central to the flourished war economy like steel mills and railroads actively recruited African Americans. Industrial jobs that had not been previously available to African Americans now became available in greater quantity and variety. The Promise Land was envisioned as a place for anyone willing to work hard, offering opportunities mainly to educate men and women. Despite tensions between new and old settler, relation to differences in age, region of origin, and class, the Great Migration established the foundation for black political power, business enterprise, and union activism. The American Dream was evident in the Great Migration, for it had shaped the future pathway for African Americans. They overcame obstacles such racial segregation and discrimination, poor economic conditions, and the findings of new jobs. Even though most African American parents didnt have many opportunities during this time period, their children would have the opportunity to reshape professions such as sports and music to literature and art by proving that anyone can achieve the American Dream no matter their ethnicity or gender.

Differences Between Softball And Baseball - 818 Words

Softball vs. Baseball Softball and baseball are very similar sports. People like to say they are the exact same and nothing is different between the two. But in reality they have a key factors that make them very different from each other. Softball and baseball are both played the same way but as you get deeper into the game you start to see bigger differences. Softball is a sport that is played by females. When softball players play in tournaments they are either timed and those last roughly 71 to 73 minutes a game and if they are not timed then you play the whole seven innings. The bases are 60 feet apart from each other, the pitchers mound is 43 feet back from the catcher, and the whole field is around 210 feet. It is way more common†¦show more content†¦Baseball players have the choice to either play with wooden or composite bats. Baseball bats are a lot heavier than softball bats and they are also wider at the end. Baseballs measure between 9 to 9.25 inches in circumference and weighs between 5 to 5.25 ounces. Baseball pitchers have many different types of pitches as well, some examples are Fastballs: Four-seam, Two-seam, Cutter, Splitter, and Forkball. Breaking Balls: Curveball, Slider, Slurve, and Screwball. Changeups: Changeup, Palmball, and Circle Changeup. Similarities for softball and baseball are that they both are play ed in very similar ways. You walk up to home plate with a bat and stand in front of home plate and your goal is to hit the ball or get on base. Four balls and you get walked and three strikes means you strikeout and go back to the dugout. If you get three outs for the whole team then you go from on the field to hitting or hitting to on the field. When you first start off on the field, the pitcher gets six warmup pitches and then the last pitch gets thrown down to the shortstop standing at second base pretending to tag someone. They both are played on either dirt or turf fields with a grass outfield. They have the same in field fly rules and batting rules. Each team has nine players. A pitcher, catcher, first baseman, second baseman, shortstop, third baseman, and threeShow MoreRelatedDifference Between Baseball And Softball1045 Words   |  5 PagesDifficulty of Baseball vs. Softball What sport do you think is harder baseball or softball? The reasons baseball is a harder sport is because of the tempo, the strength of players, and the size of the field that the players play on. The innings in baseball are played at a very fast pace, but the game is also two innings longer. The athletes that play baseball are also much stronger and faster. Lastly, in the sport of baseball, the average field size is 400 feet, and the average field in softball is 210Read MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Baseball And Softball784 Words   |  4 PagesBaseball and softball are both competitive sports that have been around for many years. Baseball was invented in 1839 and softball followed in 1887. While both sports are similar, the differences over ride the battle. People see the difference between softball and baseball when both sports comes down to mechanics and visual things, but what they do not see is the difference in the players emotions. In these sports, both runners can steal bases and are allowed to run on the dropped third strikeRead MoreSoftball And Baseball Have The Same Concept919 Words   |  4 PagesSoftball and Baseball have the same concept, but many differences between them. They are sports that a person really have to focus on to fully understand what to do next, and how to make the next play. Although both of these sports include a bat and a ball their techniques, equipment, and rules differ. The techniques for softball are pretty different compared to baseball. First, pitching Softball players pitch underhanded with a wind up. Because they pitch underhanded, their pitches are not asRead MoreBaseball Is A Man s Sport921 Words   |  4 Pagesfastpitch softball and baseball. Softball and baseball are similar sports, both use the same items to do the same job. Each individual player uses a ball, glove, helmet, bat, and cleats to accomplish the goals to play the games of softball and baseball. The goals are to have more runs than the other team at the end of the game. However, these two sports are not exactly alike like many spectators suspect they are. The main difference in softball and baseball are the players. Generally, baseball is a man’sRead MoreA Game Of Balls And Bats911 Words   |  4 Pageswhat this game is, what would you say? Some may say baseball, and the others would say softball. The truth is†¦ Both are correct. Often I hear gender arguing about which of these sports is harder or better. But I am not here to decide that, I am only writing about the main similarities and differences among these two sports. To begin, one of the most noticeable differences today is that nine out of ten times men play baseball, and women play softball. Every once in a while there will be an exceptionRead MoreBaseball, Baseball And Softball1112 Words   |  5 Pagesit comes to Baseball and Softball, these two sports have many similarities, but yet differ in many areas of the game. It insists, â€Å"Softball is often referred to baseball for girls, with a larger ball and aa smaller diamond† (History of Softball). Even though there may be some truth about that statement, it doesn’t mean that’s the only difference between the two. When it comes down to it, both sports have specific field requirements, equipment, rules and future occupations. Baseball has specialRead More differences among men and women Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesNow that we are older we see how different or how less different we actually are. Two things are different in male and females. One is the biological aspect such as our brains and body parts. Also the way we play certain sports are different. The difference in sports also ties in with the fact that men and women are biologically different. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Biologically men and women are very different. Men have penises and women have vaginas I believe the kindergarten student said in KindergartenRead MoreBaseball And Softball Are The Victim Of It Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pagesthe victim of it. Logistically, baseball and softball are different sports although they seem very similar. Confusing them as the same sport seems innocent enough, until you truly begin to understand the differences and why they exist. It is nationally understood that baseball is for boys and softball is for girls. The girls’ sport is baseball, but softer. It is meant to be easier and less complicated than baseball. The difference between a baseball and a softball is three inches (Rules of Sport)Read MoreSoftball And Baseball Are The Same Thing, Right?1193 Words   |  5 PagesLiz Johnson 5/1/15 Big History 5th-6th Softball, The Story of It All. Softball and baseball are the same thing, right? Wrong. Softball is the same as baseb all, but it has a softer ball, right? Wrong again. So if it’s not the same as baseball and it doesn’t have a softer ball then what is it? Softball is its very own sport. Yes, it has similarities to baseball, but there are many differences. To fully understand softball you have to know its history, how it is played and how it works, what it is madeRead MoreA Brief History of Softball720 Words   |  3 PagesThe way that softball is played today has evolved to be a direct descendent of baseball. According to Margaret Dodson, a professor of physical education at Portland State University and also a member of the Amateur Softball Association, â€Å"The game as we know it did not take shape until the 1980’s† (4). One version of the origin of the game was given to George W. Hancock, a reporter for the Chicago Board of Trade. (Dodson, 4). According to Dodson, on Thanksgiving Day in 1887 Hancock and a few other

Improving Labor Standards In Developing Countries Economics Essay Free Essays

â€Å" The modern transnational corporation ( MNC ) is an economic, political, environmental, and cultural force that is ineluctable in today ‘s globalised universe † ( Chandler and Mazlish, 2005: 19 ) . Todays planetary economic system and political relations are greatly influenced by the forces of globalisation[ 1 ]. In this context, Multinational Corporations ( MNCs ) phenomenal growing since 1980s has witnessed an impact on every domain of modern life ; such as cars, commercial aircraft, Information Technology, consumer merchandises, nutrient and drinks which makes its function important in this ‘global era ‘ ( Chandler and Mazlish, 2005: 2 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Improving Labor Standards In Developing Countries Economics Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the liberalization of international trade and free flow of capital, big Numberss of developing states have espoused into international trade agreements ; which have significantly shaped the planetary forms of trade and international division of labor ( Zammit, Forthcoming ) . In this context, MNCs are planetary houses that manage production, grosss, and investing beyond its boundary lines along with a pool of international human resource. With the coming of globalisation epoch, the inquiry of set uping minimal labor criterions for developing states has raised multifaceted issues, such as economic, political and moral which to day of the month remains combative[ 2 ]. For past two decennaries efforts have been made by the United States, along with other beforehand state authoritiess, and the International Confederation of Free trade Unions ( ICFTU ) , to set up many-sided regulations in the World Trade Organisation ( WTO ) to implement higher labor criterions globally. These criterions were being placed to take rigorous trade steps against states deemed unable to keep core labour criterions. ( Singh and Zammit: 2004 ) . However, this enterprise did non happen as developing states opposed this thought and marred this talk by veiled protectionist schemes. In this context, this paper focuses on the outgrowth of ‘global concern revolution ‘ since 1980s and the mode in which it affects labour criterions in developing states. The paper has two cardinal purposes, foremost to measure the cardinal issues in this on-going argument on labor criterions in the literature, and 2nd to analyze the ability of large concerns to better labor criterions in the labour intensive export-oriented work force in the context of planetary value ironss based in developing states. In making so this paper will analyze work conditions of workers employed at the underside of value ironss in developing states. This paper structures ‘ around five elements: I ) an overview of the international labor criterions, this subdivision will research the contention around core labor criterions and it significance from the position of large concern ‘ ability to better them ; two ) Economic development and labor criterions, this subdivision will discourse nature and form of international trade and investing and the its effects on rewards, employment ; three ) the paper so examine the development of planetary production webs and value ironss, in making so the paper will look at the impact of planetary production on working status in the informal sector concentrating on dress and footwear industry in Pakistan, as these industries are labour intensive ; four ) the consequence of developing state trade on labour market conditions in the North ; V ) a brief expression at the possible function of International Labour Organisation ( ILO ) , host authoritiess, Non-government administrations NGOs, W orld Trade Organisation ( WTO ) and Trade Unions to better labor criterions by partnering with planetary large concern. This paper argues that aˆÂ ¦ . International Labour Standards: The On Traveling Argument This subdivision focuses on divergent positions of developed and developing states on planetary trade and labour criterions. The conflict between advocators of a planetary labor criterions and oppositions of the criterions is based on economic and political struggles between developed and developing states. In order to asses the ability of MNCs to better labor criterions in developing states, it is indispensable to be clear about what is meant by labour criterions and understand why they are extremely combative. The contested labor criterions are embodied in ILO 1998 Declaration of Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, as the benchmark to mensurate labour criterions. Of these criterions, I ) freedom of association and right to collective bargaining ; two ) freedom from forced labor ; three ) the abolishment of child labor and four ) the riddance of favoritism in the workplace are considered to be core labour criterions ( CLS ) . These criterions were jointly accepted by the member state provinces to continue them ( Singh and Zammit, 2004 ) . However, this has non been the instance. These core labor criterions are viewed by many NGOs as basic human rights. The nucleus criterions are besides known as â€Å" societal clauses † on the footing of human-centered evidences. However, Singh and Zammit argue, by categorising nucleus labor criterions as human rights will forestall any farther argument to take topographic point on happening a favourable manner to implement them in developing states ( Singh and Zammit, 2003: 10 ) . The Declaration clearly states that â€Å" We reject the usage of labor criterions for protectionist intents, and agree that the comparative advantage of states, peculiarly low-wage developing states, must in no manner be put into inquiry † ( WTO, 1996 ) . However, there is differentiation between nucleus labor criterions and other labor criterions, which besides factors into ‘social clause ‘ and normally embodies labour criterions such as minimal rewards, restriction of work hours, and occupational wellness and safety. The function of other labour criterions can non be underestimated in the visible radiation of nucleus criterions as they play a important function to analyze the influence of MNCs on criterions. Therefore, â€Å" labour criterions can be understood as societal ordinances † that are â€Å" designed to turn to fairness, wellness and safety † , and at the same time economic in nature to modulate r ewards and control motions in the market ( Mehmet 1999: 90 ) . Although, liberalization of free trade has offered both challenges and chances to states based in South ; Elliott and Freeman note, that many developing states are committed and inclined to better nucleus and other labor criterions. Many of the developing states have Torahs to keep ‘decent labour conditions ‘ ( Elliott and Freeman, 2003: 11 ) . However, due to weak economic constructions and deficiency of resources and inability to implement labour codifications, shackles the betterment of criterions in developing states. Hence, argument over labour criterions is on-going, the inquiry is what are the ideal criterions and what is the best manner to integrate them ( Singh and Zammit, 2004: 3 ) . It is proposed, that as labor criterions aid equilibrate the involvements of workers and capital within states and within the planetary economic system ; workers through corporate brotherhoods should take upon themselves to implement these criterions. [ Connect ] Singh and Zammit argues that since nucleus labor convention do non include minimal pay, hence, execution of nucleus criterions will hold no impact on pay degrees and other labor costs and hence, developing states should follow this criterion. II Nature and Pattern of International Trade and Investment: Consequence of developing state trade on labour market conditions in the North There is complex relationship between the labor criterions and economic development. The International trade enlargement has brought labour markets of developed states in close contact with those of developing states[ 3 ]. This economic relationship has reaped great benefits such as heightening the development in the development states through the transportation of cognition and foreign direct investing ( FDI ) from the North. On the other manus, developed states in the North has benefited from this trade relationship by seeing lifting criterions of life. However, Wood notes, that this relationship has affected the unskilled labor of North, by diminishing rewards and doing them excess ( Wood, 2004: 1 ) . The 1947 preamble of the original General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT ) stated: â€Å" Relationss among states in the field of trade and economic enterprise should be conducted with the position of raising criterions of life and guaranting full employment † ( cited in Harvey et Al, 2000: 4 ; Chan, and Ross. 2003: 1012 ) . This facet of globalisation has an impact on workers from both South and the North. For illustration, developed states are concerned that trade with low-wage states which is non synonymous for low labor criterions states are responsible for increasing pay inequality and loss of employment chances in developed states. Nolan argues that the â€Å" planetary concern revolution † has â€Å" changed the nature of the capitalist house, the form of competition and the manner in which economic production is forming in much of the planetary economic system † ( Nolan, 2006: 1 ) . This development of planetary concern has generated competition at planetary degree, which compels houses in similar industries to unify their resources in order to accomplish economic systems of graduated table and derive competitory advantages of houses. Therefore, these amalgamations and acquisitions make MNCs powerful entity to play a dominant function in the planetary production and trade. ( Connect with following parity ) The ordinances of the new planetary production system and trade have been redefined under the counsel of transnational corporations and their subordinates, developing ‘system planimeters ‘ in planetary value ironss. The planetary retail merchants employ new engineerings and methods acquired through amalgamations to exercise force per unit area on houses in supply concatenation. These system planimeters posses unequal bargaining power in value ironss, as they put force per unit areas in the retail sector, for consolidation to their first grade providers for ‘right monetary value ‘ and ‘right clip ‘ , who further pass the force per unit areas to bottom of the supply concatenation which is normally labour intensive and outsourced to developing states to entree cheap labour. Therefore, making ‘cascade consequence ‘ to obtain economic systems of graduated table. Nolan argues this â€Å" ‘cascade consequence ‘ will hold profound deductions † for southern states houses â€Å" in catching up † at the planetary degree, that may make entry barriers into planetary concern ( 2006, 155 ) . From developing states ‘ positions, entry into value concatenation plays a important entry point for their local corporations to hold entree to â€Å" the planetary trade good ironss of nucleus houses † located in developed states ( Nolan, 2006: 3 ) . Therefore, less developed states ‘ houses admission is non entirely managed by the trade policies but besides by the tactful determinations of the parent houses in the value ironss. Although MNCs play a important function in developing states by puting in different industries and supplying employment chances with their economic and industrial power, the developed states ‘ authoritiess have exploited the ‘weak bargaining place ‘ of developing states to make more avenues for large concern ( Madeley, 2008: 17 ) . How Labour criterions and patterns Therefore, â€Å" MNCs are non merely economic entities but portion of complex interplay of factors † , that has both positive and negative effects on societal, cultural environment of the host states ( Chandler and Mazlish, 2005: 3-4 ) . How to cite Improving Labor Standards In Developing Countries Economics Essay, Essay examples

Frito Lay Case Study free essay sample

Frito-Lay, Inc has been developing multigrain chips since the early 1970s. It is a worldwide leader in the manufacturing and marketing of snack chips. It is capturing nearly one-half of the retail sales in the United States snack chips market. Frito-Lay knew that a healthier option was appealing to consumers and that this healthier option had proper time to be introduced, but the market was not ready for it yet. Product research and development is carried out in 1980s and it was found that consumers are expecting multi grain rectangular chips with ridges. So, sun chip is introduced in late 1990. It is a crispy textured snack chips with a mixture of wheat, corn, rice and oat flours. (Sun chips. n. d. ). Frito lay has invested a huge capital in sun chip products and so they did pre market test before introducing the product into market. This test has shown positive result as more consumers got attracted. (Frito lay corporation. n. d. ). Case problem: Sun chips had been in test market for 10 months in the Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, and metropolitan area. The senior Frito-Lay executives need to decide it they would launch this new product to market officially after the test period. The snack chip category is highly competitive and the new-product failure rate is high. This is the main cause of the problem. Very few new products can generate more than $25 million in first-year sales. In order to expand the market, the brand awareness is a key issue. So, the budget of advertising and merchandising will increase. The new product will cannibalize volume from its previous products. Alternative solutions: Give up the new product: Giving up the new product is a safe strategy. Frito-Lay, Inc. is the leader manufacturing in the snack chips market. Its products have held large market share. Even if it gives up the new product, its still the leader. But if it gives up the new product, the spending in the premarket test becomes meaningless. The market test result appeared consumer response was favorable which means it likely gain profit from the new brand. Its quit just leaves the opportunity to its competitors. Putting the new product on the market following the same strategies of premarket test: This solution gives the company a simple way when it expands its product sales from a single area to nationwide. In the premarket test, its pricing strategy, advertising and merchandising strategy, distribution and sales strategy were all determined. When Frito-Lay, Inc. puts the new product on the national market, the things they need to do is raising the advertising and distribution expending and adding more production line to meet the higher quantities requirement. But applying the experience that comes from a single area into whole national market is very dangerous. Peoples eating habit and lifestyle is different in various states that determine their demand of snack chips will be different. Simply coping with the strategies from the test may lead to a terrible result. Putting the new product on the market after strategies adjustment: This solution is adjusted from the former solution. This alternative will increase its operation cost, but it will bring a better result. The reason why Minnesota metropolitan area was chosen as the test site is because Frito-Lay executive were confident it had a social and economic profile representative of the United States. It is more convinced that these strategies can achieve success in other metropolitan areas. How about non- metro areas? So Frito-Lay, Inc. needs to use adjust its market strategies when it comes to different places. Continuing the test: This is not a good solution. This new product had been tested for 10 months, if Frito-Lay, Inc. still continued testing the product; its competitors might have enough time to launch their own products. Frito-Lay, Inc. would lose the best time to enter the new market. Selected Solution Putting the new product on the market after strategies adjustment: Its premarket test was made in a metropolitan area and got a satisfied result. Its manufacturing capacity was limited which means the product quantities were hard to meet the requirement of nationwide market in a short time. Base on these two factors, Frito-Lay, Inc. had better focus its market promotion on the metropolitan areas at first. In this period, the market test information is more useful because the marketplaces are similar. After its new production line completed, it can gradually expand its market to other areas. In this period, it had better to hire research firm to get the consumers response. Based on these responses, Frito-Lay, Inc. an make a better adjustment when launching Sun Chips on non-metro areas. For instance, because population distribution is different from metropolitan areas, Frito-Lay, Inc. needs to find another efficient and economical advertising scheme to achieve its marketing purpose. Conclusion: Frito-Lay, Inc. is a cautious company. It would do a premarket test before it wants to launch a new product. The results of the test inf luence company executives’ decision about the new product. It was estimated that the sun chip would gain $100 million dollar if it is launched nation wise. It is a success indicator for the sun chips. Although the test result is very exact and detailed, it can only reflect one-sided market situation because the market test is taken in only one area. To make a business plan for national market, it still does more effort. In this process, maximum using the test information is important and meaningful.