A Clean, Well-Lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway Essay Example for Free

A Clean, Well-Lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway Essay An old man sits alone at night in a cafà ©. He is deaf and likes when the night grows still. Two waiters watch the old man carefully because they know he won’t pay if he gets too drunk. One waiter tells the other that the old man tried to kill himself because he was in despair. The other waiter asks why he felt despair, and the first waiter says the reason was â€Å"nothing† because the man has a lot of money. The waiters look at the empty tables and the old man, who sits in the shadow of a tree. They see a couple walk by, a soldier with a girl. One of the waiters says the soldier had better be careful about being out because the guards just went by. The old man taps his glass against its saucer and asks the younger waiter for a brandy. The younger waiter tells him he’ll get drunk, then goes back and tells the older waiter that the old man will stay all night. The younger waiter says he never goes to bed earlier than 3 a.m. and that the old man should have killed himself. He takes the old man his brandy. As he pours it, he tells the old man that he should have killed himself, but the old man just indicates that he wants more brandy in the glass. The younger waiter tells the older waiter that the old man is drunk, then asks again why he tried to kill himself. The older waiter says he doesn’t know. The younger waiter asks how he did it. The older waiter says he tried to hang himself and his niece found him and got him down. The younger waiter asks why she got him down, and the older waiter says they were concerned about his soul. The waiters speculate on how much money the old man has and decide he’s probably age eighty. The younger waiter says he wishes the old man would leave so that he can go home and go to bed with his wife. The older waiter says that the old man was married at one time. The younger waiter says a wife wouldn’t do him any good, but the older waiter disagrees. The younger waiter points out that the old man has his niece, then says he doesn’t want to be an old man. The older waiter points out that the old man is clean and drinks neatly. The younger waiter says again that he wishes the old man would leave. The old man indicates that he wants another brandy, but the younger waiter tells him they’re closing. The old man pays and walks away. The older waiter asks the younger waiter why he didn’t let him drink more because it’s not even 3 a.m. yet, and the younger waiter says he wants to go home. The older waiter says an hour doesn’t make much difference. The younger waiter says that the old man can just drink at home, but the older waiter says it’s different. The younger waiter agrees. The older waiter jokingly asks if the younger waiter is afraid to go home early. The younger waiter says he has confidence. The older waiter points out that he also has youth and a job, whereas the older waiter has only a job. The older waiter says that he likes to stay at cafà ©s very late with the others who are reluctant to go home and who need light during the nighttime. The younger waiter says he wants to go home, and the older waiter remarks that they are very different. The older waiter says he doesn’t like to close the cafà © in case someone needs it. The younger waiter says there are bars to go to, but the older waiter says that the cafà © is clean and well lit. They wish each other good night. The older waiter continues thinking to himself about how important it is for a cafà © to be clean and well lit. He thinks that music is never good to have at a cafà © and that standing at a bar isn’t good either. He wonders what he’s afraid of, deciding it’s not fear but just a familiar nothing. He says two prayers but substitutes â€Å"nada† (Spanish for â€Å"nothing†) for most of the words. When he arrives at a bar, he orders a drink and tells the bartender that the bar isn’t clean. The bartender offers another drink, but the waiter leaves. He doesn’t like bars, preferring cafà ©s. He knows that he will now go home and fall asleep when the sun comes up. He thinks he just has insomnia, a common problem. Character Analysis The Old Man A deaf man who likes to drink at the cafà © late into the night. The old man likes the shadows of the leaves on the well-lit cafà © terrace. Rumor has it that he tried to hang himself, he was once married, he has a lot of money, and his niece takes care of him. He often gets drunk at the cafà © and leaves without paying. The Older Waiter A compassionate man who understands why the old man may want to stay late at the cafà ©. The older waiter enjoys staying late at cafà ©s as well. He thinks it’s very important for a cafà © to be clean and well lit, and he sees the cafà © as a refuge from despair. Rather than admit that he is lonely, he tells himself that he has insomnia. Like the old man, the older waiter likes to stay late at cafà ©s, and he understands on a deep level why they are both reluctant to go home at night. He tries to explain it to the younger waiter by saying, â€Å"He stays up because he likes it,† but the younger waiter dismisses this and says that the old man is lonely. Indeed, both the old man and the older waiter are lonely. The old man lives alone with only a niece to look after him, and we never learn what happened to his wife. He drinks alone late into the night, getting drunk in cafà ©s. The older waiter, too, is lonely. He lives alone and makes a habit of staying out late rather than going home to bed. But there is more to the older waiter’s â€Å"insomnia,† as he calls it, than just loneliness. An unnamed, unspecified malaise seems to grip him. This malaise is not â€Å"a fear or dread,† as the older waiter clarifies to himself, but an overwhelming feeling of nothingness—an existential angst about his place in the universe and an uncertainty about the meaning of life. Whereas other people find meaning and comfort in religion, the older waiter dismisses religion as â€Å"nada†Ã¢â‚¬â€nothing. The older waiter finds solace only in clean, well-lit cafà ©s. There, life seems to make sense. The older waiter recognizes himself in the old man and sees his own future. He stands up for the old man against the younger waiter’s criticisms, pointing out that the old man might benefit from a wife and is clean and neat when he drinks. The older waiter has no real reason to take the old man’s side. In fact, the old man sometimes leaves the cafà © without paying. But the possible reason for his support becomes clear when the younger waiter tells the older waiter that he talks like an old man too. The older waiter is aware that he is not young or confident, and he knows that he may one day be just like the old man—unwanted, alone, and in despair. Ultimately, the older waiter is reluctant to close the cafà © as much for the old man’s sake as for his own because someday he’ll need someone to keep a cafà © open late for him. The Younger Waiter An impatient young man who cares only about getting home to his wife. The younger waiter is usually irritated with the old man because he must stay late and serve him drinks. He does not seem to care why the old man stays so long. His only concern is leaving as quickly as possible. Brash and insensitive, the younger waiter can’t see beyond himself. He readily admits that he isn’t lonely and is eager to return home where his wife is waiting for him. He doesn’t seem to care that others can’t say the same and doesn’t recognize that the cafà © is a refuge for those who are lonely. The younger waiter is immature and says rude things to the old man because he wants to close the cafà © early. He seems unaware that he won’t be young forever or that he may need a place to find solace later in life too. Unlike the older waiter, who thinks deeply—perhaps too deeply—about life and those who struggle to face it, the younger waiter demonstrates a dismissive attitude toward human life in general. For example, he says the old man should have just gone ahead and killed himself and says that he â€Å"wouldn’t want to be that old.† He himself has reason to live, and his whole life is ahead of him. â€Å"You have everything,† the older waiter tells him. The younger waiter, immersed in happiness, doesn’t really understand that he is lucky, and he therefore has little compassion or understanding for those who are lonely and still searching for meaning in their lives. Themes Life as Nothingness In â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place,† Hemingway suggests that life has no meaning and that man is an insignificant speck in a great sea of nothingness. The older waiter makes this idea as clear as he can when he says, â€Å"It was all a nothing and man was a nothing too.† When he substitutes the Spanish word nada (nothing) into the prayers he recites, he indicates that religion, to which many people turn to find meaning and purpose, is also just nothingness. Rather than pray with the actual words, â€Å"Our Father who art in heaven,† the older waiter says, â€Å"Our nada who art in nada†Ã¢â‚¬â€effectively wiping out both God and the idea of heaven in one breath. Not everyone is aware of the nothingness, however. For example, the younger waiter hurtles through his life hastily and happily, unaware of any reason why he should lament. For the old man, the older waiter, and the other people who need late-night cafà ©s, however, th e idea of nothingness is overwhelming and leads to despair. The Struggle to Deal with Despair The old man and older waiter in â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† struggle to find a way to deal with their despair, but even their best method simply subdues the despair rather than cures it. The old man has tried to stave off despair in several unsuccessful ways. We learn that he has money, but money has not helped. We learn that he was once married, but he no longer has a wife. We also learn that he has unsuccessfully tried to commit suicide in a desperate attempt to quell the despair for good. The only way the old man can deal with his despair now is to sit for hours in a clean, well-lit cafà ©. Deaf, he can feel the quietness of the nighttime and the cafà ©, and although he is essentially in his own private world, sitting by himself in the cafà © is not the same as being alone. The older waiter, in his mocking prayers filled with the word nada, shows that religion is not a viable method of dealing with despair, and his solution is the same as the old man’s: he waits out the nighttime in cafà ©s. He is particular about the type of cafà © he likes: the cafà © must be well lit and clean. Bars and bodegas, although many are open all night, do not lessen despair because they are not clean, and patrons often must stand at the bar rather than sit at a table. The old man and the older waiter also glean solace from routine. The ritualistic cafà ©-sitting and drinking help them deal with despair because it makes life predictable. Routine is something they can control and manage, unlike the vast nothingness that surrounds them. Motif Loneliness Loneliness pervades â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† and suggests that even though there are many people struggling with despair, everyone must struggle alone. The deaf old man, with no wife and only a niece to care for him, is visibly lonely. The younger waiter, frustrated that the old man won’t go home, defines himself and the old man in opposites: â€Å"He’s lonely. I’m not lonely.† Loneliness, for the younger waiter, is a key difference between them, but he gives no thought to why the old man might be lonely and doesn’t consider the possibility that he may one day be lonely too. The older waiter, although he doesn’t say explicitly that he is lonely, is so similar to the old man in his habit of sitting in cafà ©s late at night that we can assume that he too suffers from loneliness. The older waiter goes home to his room and lies in bed alone; telling himself that he merely suffers from sleeplessness. Even in this claim, however, he instinctively reaches out for company, adding, â€Å"Many must have it.† The thought that he is not alone in having insomnia or being lonely comforts him. Symbols The Cafà © The cafà © represents the opposite of nothingness: its cleanliness and good lighting suggest order and clarity, whereas nothingness is chaotic, confusing, and dark. Because the cafà © is so different from the nothingness the older waiter describes, it serves as a natural refuge from the despair felt by those who are acutely aware of the nothingness. In a clean, brightly lit cafà ©, despair can be controlled and even temporarily forgotten. When the older waiter describes the nothingness that is life, he says, â€Å"It was only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanness and order.† The light it in the sentence is never defined, but we can speculate about the waiter’s meaning: although life and man are nothing, light, cleanliness, and order can serve as substance. They can help stave off the despair that comes from feeling completely unanchored to anyone or anything. As long as a clean, well-lighted cafà © exists, despair can be kept i n check.

Macbeth: A Tragic Hero :: essays research papers

Tragedy occurs to some more often to others, but most define it differently. Webster’s Dictionary defines it as â€Å"a kind of drama in which some fatal or mournful event occurs† (764). To philosophers and traditional writers philosophy takes on another meaning. For example, to famous philosophical figure Aristotle, â€Å"tragedy occurs when noble or great persons are led, through pride or a secret flaw in their personalities, to suffering that changes their fortune. The tragic hero must begin in a high position and end in death or some sort of degraded role† (Definitions of Tragedy). Based on human nature, Aristotle’s philosophy of tragedy, and current literary criticism of Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the main character, Macbeth, is classified as a tragic hero.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Born in 384 B.C. at Stagirus, well known philosopher Aristotle was a student to Plato for over twenty years. Growing up on this Greek Colony and attending lectures, he acquired and retained new information. His father was a well known physician and scientist therefore Aristotle’s knowledge was broadened by his father. Unlike Plato, Aristotle studied the natural and sensory world; â€Å"while Plato used his reason, Aristotle used his senses† (Gaarder 107) He said that â€Å"things that are in the human soul were purely reflections of natural objects† (Gaarder 107). Aristotle believed that reason is mans most distinguishing characteristic; Macbeth had great lack of reason. When the first murder occurred, Macbeth did not anticipate the outcomes of the events, thus is soul was infected with selfish thought, and to him, nothing else mattered.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A human soul in Aristotle’s words is â€Å"the perfect expression or realization of a natural body,† which Macbeth follows (Aristotle). His internal instinct led his actions and soon to his main goal. Fellow philosopher Democritus, (460-370 B.C.), believed that all men are just mechanical and made up of different substances (Gaarder 44). If, his belief that there is no spiritual fore in nature, and everything happens mechanically is true, then Macbeth could not control his actions thus is innocent of his crimes. To Macbeth, it meant that he was destined to become king, and mechanically could not manage his own actions. This is because Macbeth’s imagination is â€Å"plunging deeper and deeper into unreality,† and turns into uncontrollable desires and wants (Knight 42). These two elements of soul and imagination are able to cause a dreadful combination of tragedy and misfortune. A Shakespearian critic implies that, â€Å"once caught by t he devils bait, only at the end he is able to express his inward state openly† (Davidson 92).

The Topic Of Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay

In recent treatments on the subject of Global Warming, a controversial issue has been whether the facts support this as a existent issue and that the universes temperature is in fact warming or one of this being a myth and the planets overall temperatures are non raising any more or less than in any other clip in history. On the one manus, some argue that forms of clime alteration have ever existed in history and that does non demo that the planet is warming at all. From this position, many factors can consequence climate alteration and the planet has a rhythm of warming and chilling that has continued throughout history. On the other manus, others argue that the usage of fossil fuels such as ( oil, gas, and coal ) have created extra Co2 in the ambiance making a nursery consequence that has helped to raise temperatures of the planet well. In the words of most reputable scientists, and one of this position ‘s chief advocates, â€Å" Al Gore † writer of the inconvenient tr uth, provinces planetary heating is so a serious issue in our universe and is non merely a myth ( Gore ) . Harmonizing to this position, clime alteration is an excepted fact and the planet is so warming as a consequence of human existences firing fossil fuels ( Gore ) . In amount, so, the existent issue is whether planetary heating is existent or a myth. Most scientists agree that this is non problematic and see it as more of fact. The difference of planetary heating can be narrowed farther into two parallel arguments. One is scientific, which focuses on the analyses of complex informations that is difficult for the ballad individual to understand and the other political side which is turn toing what the proper response authoritiess should take to a conjectural hazard. To add to this complex issue, big energy companies are buttonholing against planetary heating in an attempt to pull strings the truth, doing even more gray countries and projecting uncertainty on its veracity. Each side of the argument provides abundant scientific grounds that attempts to turn out at that place point. Advocates of an instantaneous and across-the-board regulative response insist that the scientific argument has long been settled. Some scientific incredulity can be good for scientists to dispute themselves to better the apprehension of the scientific discipline behind planetary heating. Therefore far this is non what materializes with clime alteration denial. Disbelievers dynamically censure any grounds that supports the issue that human existences are the chief cause of planetary heating and yet embrace any statement, article, survey, or web log that proposes confuting planetary heating or the affects persons are partaking on planetary heating. The deniers and sceptics have used similar fallacious strategies that they have used for old ages. They continue to assail the courier, suggesting that a worldwide secret plan of functionaries and environmental scientists are seeking to safeguard their support utilizing a nonreversible portraiture of the IPCC procedure. Their efforts are to foreground any specific downgrade in the anticipations and raise that out of context to propose a less desperate overall image. Pr ojecting a bastioned uncertainty and confusion, following the theoretical account of the â€Å" experts † employed for old ages by the baccy industry to expose the effects of smoking direct relation to malignant neoplastic disease. This is why Global Heating still has many contentions environing the subject that draw attending off from the existent issue. Global heating still has many contentions environing the subject that draw attending off from the existent issue. One illustration would be the resent â€Å" Climatgate † dirt where scientists were accused of pull stringsing and possible destroying informations on clime alteration. Harmonizing to an anon. hacker with the anonym â€Å" FOIA † hacked into email histories garnering over 1000 personal electronic mails. The hacker so leaked little inside informations of the electronic mails in a manner that at foremost looked like two head research workers had manipulated or omitted parts of the informations in order to show their findings. ( ? ) They subsequently found the research workers did nil wrong in the research or no grounds was found of disgusting drama or use. This shows the on-going battle at what lengths the persons are willing to travel to expose the research. Many treatments still continue on the subject of Global Warming with both sides taking a base on wheth er the facts support this as a existent issue and the universe ‘s temperature is in fact warming or one of this being a myth and the planets overall temperatures are non raising any more or less than in any other clip in history. Harmonizing to the latest study by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) , the merchandise of 100s of taking scientists from around the Earth, confirms that planetary heating is go oning now and needs to be addressed quickly to besiege expensive and ambitious complications ( IPCC ) . Many see human caused planetary heating to be a fairy tale, and they are looking for justification for the alteration in conditions forms and utmost temperature fluctuation. One statement consists of those who consider that clime fluctuation is a normal procedure in the conditions forms of the Earth, and the other consist of persons that believe it is human existences are the direct cause of clime alteration. They believe that this is caused human existences usage of fossil fuels and other gases that are released into the ambiance making a nursery consequence. NASA claims in an article released by the Dept. of Commerce, that solar intensifications do non hold the capacity to do the additions in planetary temperature and that nursery gasses are so playing a dominant function for clime alteration ( article ) . As the US Governments foremost planetary scientific establishment, NASA ‘s sentiment is extremely accepted by the community. The Dept. of Commerce explains in the same article, that a little sum of planetary heating can be attributed to the Sun about one one-fourth of planetary heating. ( citation ) That per centum is the ordinary portion of planetary heating and the remainder is from homo ‘s actions. Worlds are the taking cause behind the increased planetary warming tendency seen in the twentieth century. Natural factors like volcanic eruptions and fluctuations in the Sun, which remained dominant influences on temperatures in past centuries, can account for merely 25 per centum of planetary heating. The balance of the planets warming is caused by homo ‘s actions, preponderantly increasing degrees of Co2 and extra nursery gases. Harmonizing to writer, Thomas J. Crowley a Texas A & A ; M geologist â€Å" natural variableness † plays merely a subordinate function in the twentieth century heating and that the most penurious account for most of the heating is that it is due to the anthropogenetic addition in nursery gases ( Crowley ) . Crowley proposes the most direct nexus to day of the month between people and the addition in mean planets temperatures over the last century is due to something called the nursery consequence. The nursery consequence is a development where by heat from the Earth ‘s surface is absorbed by gases trapped in the ambiance. A part of heat or ( thermic radiation ) is so reflected back towards the surface and the lower ambiance. Resulting in a rise of the normal surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the extra atmospheric gases. Addition in upwind phenomena is another consequence of planetary heating. One theory is that an addition in the planets mean temperature may be adding to stronger hurricanes in the Atlantic over the past 30 old ages. FSU geographics Professor James B. Elsner, University of Wisconsin-Madison Professor James P. Kossin and FSU postdoctoral research worker Thomas H. Jagger have used planetary orbiter informations to happen that the strongest tropical cyclones are, in fact, acquiring deriving strength and ocean temperatures are playing a impulsive function in this tendency. This information is consistent with the â€Å" heat-engine † theory of cyclone strength which is all a consequence of the heating of our planet. Drought As planetary heating increases it will modify legion climes of the universe. Equally far as rainfall is concerned, it will lift equatorially in both polar and sub-polar parts, and lessening in semitropical countries. This alteration in precipitation form will bring forth a drouth in certain countries, while inundations in other countr ies. Warming of the ambiance will intensify the temperature in the planets saltwaters, which will digest continued elevated temperatures for centuries to come. Raised sea H2O temperatures will take to more frequent natural catastrophes like hurricanes with and increase strength. Overall, the planet will see risky conditions conditions, such as implosion therapy, drouths, hot and cold moving ridges, and unsafe conditions conditions like typhoons and tornados. Harmonizing to the Intergovernmental Panel on ( IPCC ) , an addition in planetary temperature by 1.5 to 2.5 grades will do 20 to 30 per centum of species vulnerable to extinction, while a rise of about 3.5 grades will do 40 to 70 per centum species vulnerable to extinction. Climate alteration will ensue in loss of home ground for many carnal species like polar bears, tropical toads and coral reefs merely to advert a few. More significantly, any change in the planets weather could absolutely alter the migration forms of many different types of animate beings. An addition in the universe ‘s temperature will hinder the munificent biodiversity of unmeasurable ecosystems and could ensue in many species going nonextant. Unstable forms of rainfall will impact animate beings and worlds every bit. For worlds, planetary heating will impact our nutrient and H2O supply every bit good as our good health. Changes in the Earth ‘s rainfall will straiten many fundamental necessities such as hydro power workss, and agribusiness. Rise in the temperature of the planets Waterss will impede many piscaries that are already at a unstable point. The unexpected change in clime forms will hold a harmful consequence on the human organic structure which wo n't be able to digest the dangerous environments, a suggestion of which can be seen in method of frequent heat and cold moving ridges. Rush in natural calamities such as storms, will take to significant human casualties. Catching unwellnesss will lift to a noticeable grade as infection conveying insects will accommodate more rapidly to extreme conditions transporting with them many diseases. As a consequence frequent drouths and inundations could besides hold an consequence on human existences with nutrient deficits and many people could decease of undernourishment with a lessening in nutrient production. The of all time increasing emphasis it will hold on our system will make less assistance for those that rely on our kindne ss to feed themselves. The United States is a taking beginning of nursery emanations and reflecting cause of planetary heating. Harmonizing to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate alteration ( IPCC ) , estimations are that it will take $ 1.375 trillion per twelvemonth to maintain the effects of clime alteration at a sustainable degree maintaining the planetary temperature addition to less than two grades Celsius ( 3.6 Degrees Fahrenheit ) . Having a well-coordinated revenue enhancement on carbon dioxide emanations will profit the universe as a whole and aid to prolong states by leting them to buy revenue enhancement credits from developing states which they can so utilize for an advanced and more sustainable hereafter. A C revenue enhancement is a wage as you go plan with C credits and being traded in an unfastened market for current defilers to hold clip to revise for a sustainable energy beginning. Trade caps would ask for civil war between the utmost groups of fouling states and those that are more en vironmentally witting. Monitoring of big pollution beginnings is already in topographic point with a orbiter and cheques in surveillance and financial and economic policies. By taxing a comparatively little figure of big beginnings we can travel frontward to a cleaner more sustainable Earth. Possibly add something on Sustainable Biofuels find options to fossil fuels and Carbon sinks to cut down the effects of Co2 emanations from firing C based fuel. To sum up the most important scientific findings of the predating few old ages, scientists have added extensively to the huge organic structure of grounds that demonstrates heat-trapping gases such as C dioxide that are fashioned chiefly from the combustion of fossil fuels are most surely altering the planetary clime, lifting temperatures and unsettling environments around the Earth. My ain position is that Global heating does be and that worlds have caused this addition due to the usage of fossil fuels making a nursery consequence. Thou gh I concede that specific fluctuations of clime alteration can be on a rhythm of the Earth ‘s history, I still maintain that recent addition in clime alterations are caused by an extra Co2 emanation. For illustration, the combustion of ( oil, gas, and coal ) is doing Co2 to construct up in the ambiance making a nursery affect pin downing gases that would non usually be at that place. This is lifting the overall temperature of the Earth and we are diffident of the negative side effects this may be doing for the hereafter. Although some might object that the Earth ‘s clime has a history of rhythms and with no clear informations as to what consequence it will hold on homo ‘s lives, I would answer that more research is needed and that we need to get down looking for advanced ways to lesson our usage of fossil fuels and expression for renewable sustainable energy beginnings with less emanations. The issue is of import because we all merely have one planet and waiting u ntil it is to late would non truly be a feasible option. I will stop to cite the great Norse dramatist Henrik Ibsen, wrote, â€Å" One of these yearss, the younger coevals will come knocking at my door. † ( qtd in Gore )

10 estados que pagan más y menos impuestos al salario

En los 50 estados de Estados Unidos se pagan los mismos impuestos federales. Pero los impuestos a las ventas, sobre la propiedad y al salario –conocidos en algunos paà ­ses como a la renta o sobre los ingresos– pueden ser mà ¡s altos o mà ¡s bajos segà ºn el estado o, incluso, de las ciudades. Por esta razà ³n los nuevos emigrantes o los empresarios que deseen iniciar una actividad econà ³mica en el paà ­s deberà ­an tener en cuenta este factor a la hora de decidir dà ³nde vivir o donde abrir un negocio. Ya que hay que contar siempre con el dinero que hay que pagar en concepto de impuestos. Ya que existen impuestos estatales y tambià ©n locales es difà ­cil hacer una comparacià ³n y por ello se sigue en este artà ­culos los cà ¡lculos realizados por la The Tax Foundation. En este artà ­culo se informa de los 10 estados en los que mà ¡s impuestos estatales al salario se pagan y los 10 que menos gravan a los residentes por este concepto. Ademà ¡s, se incluye un listado de los condados con impuestos a la propiedad mà ¡s altos y mà ¡s bajos y, finalmente en quà © 10 ciudades se soporta la mayor carga impositiva. Este artà ­culo finaliza con un apartado dedicado a quià ©n es considerado residente fiscal en Estados Unidos y, por lo tanto, està ¡ obligado a pagar impuestos.  ¿Sabà ­a usted? En Estados Unidos el pago de impuestos varà ­a dependiendo del lugar adonde viva. El gobierno federal cobra impuestos sobre los ingresos y estos se pagan por igual en los 50 estados de EE.UU.Cada estado tambià ©n tiene la potestad de cobrar impuestos sobre los ingresos y sobre las ventas, y estos varà ­an segà ºn el estado. Los gobiernos locales, ya sea la ciudad o el condado, cobran impuestos sobre las propiedades. El porcentaje a pagar depende de la localidad donde se viva, y puede variar enormemente en un mismo estado. 10 estados donde se pagan menos impuestos al salario En la actualidad, un total de 7 estados no tienen impuesto al salario. Son los siguientes: AlaskaDakota del SurFloridaNevadaTexasWashingtonWyoming Ademà ¡s, 2 estados no graban al salario aunque sà ­ tienen un impuesto sobre intereses y dividendos. Son los siguientes: Nuevo HampshireTennessee Finalmente, en Pennsylvania sà ­ hay impuestos al salario pero està ¡n limitados al 3,07%. Destacar que como regla general los estados que menos impuestos cobran son, al mismo tiempo, los que menos servicios sociales brindan. Hay una correlacià ³n importante en este punto, si bien el mà ­nimo en asistencia social que se fija por ley federal es igual en todos los estados. 10 estados en los que se pagan mà ¡s impuestos al salario Cabe destacar que a la hora de pagar los impuestos hay que sumar a mayores los federales que son iguales en todo el paà ­s. Ademà ¡s resaltar que cada estado tiene sus propias reglas sobre exenciones, deducciones y crà ©ditos a la hora de gravar a sus residentes. California: 13,3%Hawaii: 11%Oregà ³n: 9,9%Minnesota: 9,85%Iowa: 8,98%New Jersey: 8,97%Vermont: 8,95%D.C., que no es un estado pero se incluye por ser la capital del paà ­s: 8.95%Nueva York: 8,82%Wisconsin: 7,65% Ademà ¡s, Nueva York y Nueva Jersey se encuentran entre los estados que mà ¡s graban a los negocios.  ¿Dà ³nde se pagan mà ¡s y menos impuestos sobre las propiedades en EE.UU.? El impuesto sobre la propiedad es local, es decir, no depende ni del gobierno federal ni del estado. En la actualidad 3 condados en Nueva Jersey son los que mà ¡s pagan en este concepto: Passaic: 8,79% de los ingresosEssex: 8,25%Union: 8,13% Por el contrario, 3 parroquias en Louisiana son los lugares en los que menos se paga en concepto de impuesto a la propiedad: Grant Parish: 0,26%Assumption Parish: 0,26%Vernon Parish: 0,25% 10 ciudades en las que mà ¡s impuestos se paga en EE.UU. La combinacià ³n de impuestos federales, estatales, locales a la propiedad, a las ventas, a la gasolina y otros impuestos locales hace que las siguientes sean las 10 ciudades donde realmente se pagan mà ¡s impuestos, de mayor a menor: Bridgeport, ConnecticutPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaMilwaukee, WisconsinPorland, MaineProvidence, Rhode IslandColumbus, OhioBaltimore, MarylandLouisville, KentuckyDetroit, MichiganWilmington, Delaware  ¿Cuà ¡ndo se pagan los impuestos federales? Para la mayorà ­a de las personas se presentan sà ³lo una vez al aà ±o y conjuntamente las planillas federales y las estatales y serà ­a cualquier dà ­a antes del 15 de abril o ese dà ­a.   Pero dependiendo de las circunstancias, de si se tiene una empresa o se es freelance, o de si se es ciudadano estadounidense pero se reside habitualmente fuera de los Estados Unidos, etc, hay otras fechas que respetar. Quià ©nes deben pagar impuestos Todas las personas con residencia fiscal en Estados Unidos deben pagar impuestos. Y hay que tener presente que la residencia fiscal y la migratoria son cosas muy distintas. Asà ­, un inmigrante indocumentado no tiene estatus legal, pero sà ­ està ¡ obligado a pagar impuestos por sus ingresos. Muchos  utilizan un nà ºmero de ITIN  para cumplir con esta obligacià ³n, aunque en principio no està ¡ pensado para este fin. Como es un tema muy delicado, lo mà ¡s prudente y aconsejable es hablar con un fiscalista y/o un abogado de inmigracià ³n. Los residentes permanentes legales y los ciudadanos americanos està ¡n obligados a pagar impuestos en Estados Unidos por todos sus ingresos, aà ºn cuando estos se generen en el exterior. Esto tambià ©n aplica a los ciudadanos estadounidenses que viven temporal o definitivamente en otro paà ­s, es decir, a los expatriados. Esto no quiere decir necesariamente que tengan que pagar, pero sà ­ que hay una obligacià ³n de reportar y luego ya se verà ¡ segà ºn monto de ingresos y posibles acuerdos firmados entre EU y el paà ­s en el que se està ¡ viviendo. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.