Water Quality and Contamination

Water Quality and Contamination Abstraction The quality of H2O is indispensable to our ecosystem and all life animals. In this study I will reexamine three experiments in which I performed. The first experiment was of the effects of groundwater taint, the 2nd experiment was H2O intervention procedure and the last was imbibing H2O quality. The intent of first experiment is to demo the effects of when ordinary family points such as oil, acetum and laundry detergent are mixed into our H2O supply and foul our H2O system. The consequences of this experiment were that the H2O became oily, smelly and unserviceable. The intent of the 2nd experiment is to demo how our planet of course filtrates drinkable imbibing H2O. The method used required potting dirt, sand, wood coal and crushed rock to of course filter the H2O. The experiment resulted in drinkable H2O. The last experiment is to prove the quality of regular pat H2O compared to bottled H2O. The trial consequences showed that the quality of tap H2O is equal to, and in some instances were better than, commercialized bottled H2O. The purpose of all three of these experiments is to raise consciousness of the necessity of holding quality H2O supply. Introduction Water is one of the most of import resources on Earth. Water covers about 70 % of the earth’s surface and the human organic structure ranges from 50 to 70 % of the human organic structure. The quality of H2O is really of import to our environment and for our ingestion. We use H2O for many things like irrigation, medical intents and to cleanse. Therefore, the quality of H2O is of import because it plays a critical function in our ecological system. If our planet does non hold acceptable H2O quality it would destruct our flora, ocean population, carnal life and/or human life. The absence of quality H2O in our universe would impact our manner of life and interrupt our ecological system. In this category we conducted many three different H2O experiments. The intent of the experiments was to larn about functional H2O, land H2O, surface H2O, H2O contaminates, H2O intervention and the quality of different imbibing Waterss. The intent of my survey is to raise consciousness to the readers of this survey the importance of quality H2O for our environment. â€Å"Surface H2O quality has increasing importance worldwide and is peculiarly relevant in the semiarid North-central Chile, where agribusiness and excavation activities are enforcing heavy force per unit area on limited H2O resources† ( Espejo & A ; et al. , 2012 ) . One experiment was to larn the effects of groundwater taint. These contaminations are points that we use in our places every twenty-four hours, but we ne'er realize what effects they have on our H2O system once they are assorted in to our H2O supply. Another experiment was conducted to demo the assortment of common pollutants that enter our H2O supply system because of mundane human activity. The experiment used similar processs that wastewater intervention workss use to filtrate and handle and sublimate H2O so that it is drinkable. The intent of the last experiment was to prove the quality of tap H2O compared to two separate name trade name bottled imbibing Waterss. Tap H2O is believed to be merely every bit safe as bottled imbibing H2O. â€Å"Bottled H2O is n't any safer or purer than what comes out of the pat, † says Dr. Sarah Janssen, scientific discipline chap with the Natural Resources Defense Council in San Francisco, which conducted an extended analysis of bottled H2O back in 1999. â€Å" In fact, it ‘s less well-regulated, and you ‘re more likely to cognize what ‘s in tap H2O. † Bottled and tap H2O come from basically the same beginnings: lakes, springs and aquifers, to name a few. In fact, a important fraction of the bottled H2O merchandises on shop shelves are tap H2O — albeit filtered and treated with excess stairss to better taste† ( Conis, 2008 ) . My hypothesis for the effects of groundwater contaminated with oil, acetum and laundry detergent is that the H2O would be oily, smelly and bubbly but that the filtering system would be able to keep the soil contamination. My hypothesis for the H2O intervention experiment is that the intervention procedure in relationship to the natural filtering system would ensue in useable H2O. My hypothesis for the last experiment, proving imbibing H2O quality, is that I believe that tap H2O will hold the most contaminations compared to that of bottled H2O. Materials and Methods The type of stuffs that were used in the effects of groundwater taint experiment consisted of eight beakers in which 100 milliliter of tap H2O was used to make full four of the eight beakers. I numbered each beaker 1 through 8. After make fulling the beakers with H2O, I added 10 milliliter of vegetable oil to beaker # 2, so added 10 milliliter of acetum to beaker # 3 and 10 milliliter of liquid wash detergent to beaker # 4. Beaker # 1 contained merely H2O, no contaminations. After adding the pollutants to beakers 2 through 4, I stirred the contents with a wooden stick to guarantee that the H2O and the pollutant were assorted together good. Each beaker that contained a pollutant, I recorded the odor and or visual aspect of it when assorted with the H2O. Then I placed cheesecloth into a funnel and added 60 milliliter of potting dirt. I poured the contents of beaker # 1 ( apparent H2O ) through the dirt-filled funnel into an empty beaker, beaker # 5, and allow the H2O drain for about 5 proceedingss. I so recorded what I observed from the filtered H2O that was poured into beaker # 5. After entering my findings, I discarded the dirt and cheesecloth from the funnel. Finally, I repeated the old stairss for beakers # 2, # 3 and # 4 ( beaker # 2 was filtered into beaker # 6, beaker # 3 was filtered into beaker # 7 and beaker # 4 was filtered into beaker # 8 ) . In the H2O intervention experiment, I used 100 milliliter of potting dirt, two 250 milliliter beakers, two 100 milliliter beakers, a 100 milliliter graduated cylinder, 40 milliliter of sand, 20 milliliter of activated wood coal, 60 milliliter of crushed rock, one wooden splash stick, alum, a funnel, cheesecloth, bleach, a stop watch and regular pat H2O. Using one of the 250 milliliter beakers, I poured 100 milliliter of dirt and so filled it with mater to the 200 mL grade of the beaker. Then, utilizing the 2nd 250 milliliter beaker, I poured the contents of the first beaker back and Forth about 15 times between the two beakers to blend the solution, making contaminated H2O. Then take about 10 milliliter of the new mixture into a clean 100 milliliter beaker. I used this sample at the terminal of the experiment to compare it to the filtrated H2O. Then I added 10 gms of alum to the 250 milliliter soil-solution, stirring it with the wooden stick for no more than two proceedingss so I all owed the solution to sit for about 15 proceedingss. Meanwhile, I took a piece of cheesecloth and lined the funnel. Then utilizing one of the 100 milliliter beakers, I poured 40 milliliter of sand, 20 milliliter of activated wood coal and 40 milliliter crushed rock into the funnel that is lined with the cheesecloth. I so to indurate the filter, I poured fresh pat H2O through the filter four times ( throwing out the rinse after each fill ) . I allowed the funnel to sit over the beaker for 5 proceedingss to run out. I so poured about 3/4Thursdayof the contaminated H2O into the deposit ( hardened sand/charcoal and crushed rock ) . After about 5 proceedingss of filtering, I added a few beads of bleach to the filtered H2O and stirred it for about a minute utilizing the wooden stick. The concluding experiment, imbibing H2O quality, I used Dasani bottled H2O, Fiji bottled H2O, ammonia trial strips, chloride trial strips, 4 in 1 trial strips, phosphate trial strips, Fe trial strips, three 250 milliliter beakers, a lasting marker, a halt ticker, Parafilm, pipettes, three foil packages of cut downing pulverization and tap H2O. First I labeled each beaker, one as pat H2O, the 2nd as Dasani and the last as Fiji. Then I poured 100 milliliter of each type of H2O into its corresponding beaker. I took an ammonia trial strip, and one at a clip, I placed an ammonium hydroxide strip into the H2O, traveling it up and down for about 30 seconds while doing use the strip does non come out of the H2O. After the 30 seconds, I shook of the extra H2O and leveled the strip with the tablet side up for 30 seconds. After about a minute, I matched the trial strip with one of the colourss from the Color Test Strip Key Chart and recorded my consequences. ( I repeated the exact same stairss for the staying two water-filled beakers and recorded those consequences ) . With the chloride trial strip I wholly immerged the trial strip into the H2O guaranting that each reaction zone of the strip has made contact with the H2O for one second. I shook off the extra H2O and after about a minute compared the strip the Color Test Strip Key Chart and recorded my consequences. ( I repeated the same stairss for the staying H2O filled beakers ) . The 4 in 1 trial strip, I dipped the trial strips ( one at a clip ) into each H2O filled beaker for approximative 5 seconds. Then I shook off the extra H2O, waited about 20 seconds and so matched the consequences with the Color Test Strip Key Chart to the pH. Alkalinity, Cl, and hardness. ( I repeated the same stairss for the staying H2O filled beakers ) . The phosphate trial strip, I dipped it into one of the beaker filled Waterss no more than five seconds. Then, without agitating the extra H2O off, I placed it in a horizontal place for about 45 seconds. Then I compared the consequences to the Color Test Strip Key Chart and recorded my consequences. ( I repeated the same stairss for the staying H2O filled beakers ) . The before I performed the concluding trial, the Fe trial strip, I removed approximative 70 milliliter of the H2O from each beaker go forthing merely 30 milliliters each type of H2O in at that place labeled beakers. I poured the power from the defeated package into the first H2O filled beaker, covered the beaker with the Parafilm and shook it up for approximately 15 seconds. Then I tipped the Fe trial strip ( traveling it about ) into the H2O for about 5 seconds. Then I shook off the extra H2O and waiting about 10 seconds, so matched the trial strip to the Color Test Strip Key Chart and recorded my consequences. ( I repeated the same stairss for the staying H2O filled beakers ) . Consequences The undermentioned tabular arraies were used to document the consequences of the experiments: Experiment 1: Effectss of Groundwater ContaminationTable 1: Water Observations ( Smell, Color, Etc. )BeakerObservations1100 milliliter ( field ) H2O is clear2Water looks oily due to adding the 10mL vegetable oil.3Water appears clear but has an olfactory property due to adding the 10 milliliter acetum4Clear H2O with little bubbles due to adding 10 milliliter of liquid wash detergent5Water is brown with little atoms of soil on the underside6Slightly brown H2O with minimum soil residue on the underside7Discolored H2O with acetum olfactory property and minimum soil residue on the underside of beaker8Very dark brown colored H2O with soil residue on the underside of the beakerExperiment 3: Drinking Water QualityTable 2: Ammonia Test ResultsWater SampleTrial ConsequencesTap Water0Dasani ® Bottled Water0Fiji ® Bottled Water0Table 3: Chloride Test ConsequencesWater SampleTrial ConsequencesTap Water0Dasani ® Bottled Water0Fiji ® Bottled Water0Table 4: 4 in 1 Trial ConsequencesWater Sam plepHEntire AlkalinityEntire ChlorineEntire HardnessTap Water74.0800Dasani ® Bottled Water3000Fiji ® Bottled Water910.000Table 5: Phosphate Test ConsequencesWater SampleTrial ConsequencesTap Water25Dasani ® Bottled Water0Fiji ® Bottled Water100Table 6: Iron Test ResultsWater SampleTrial ConsequencesTap Water0Dasani ® Bottled Water0Fiji ® Bottled Water0The consequences of the first experiment, the effects of groundwater taint ( Table 1 ) , resulted in the contaminations oozing through the filtering system. â€Å"Levels or tendencies in H2O quality that may be hurtful to sensitive H2O utilizations, including imbibing, irrigation, and farm animal lacrimation have been noted with mention to well-established guidelines† ( Quagraine & A ; Adokoh, 2010 ) . The consequences of the 2nd experiment, the H2O intervention procedure ( Table 2 ) , was that the H2O intervention processed appeared to work in the same manner/process that is used by the big H2O filtrating companies. The H2O looked, smelled and visibly appeared drinkable. The consequences of the concluding experiment, the imbibing H2O quality ( Table 3 ) , required testing of tap H2O versus bottled H2O, which determined that tap H2O is equal if non better than bottled H2O. Discussion The first experiment proved my hypothesis incorrect. The H2O was non merely oily, smelly and bubbly it was besides contaminated with soil. The filtering system did non keep parts of the soil from oozing into the H2O system. The 2nd experiment, the H2O intervention procedure, proved my hypothesis right. I expected the filtering intervention procedure, which emulated the procedure of a intervention works, would ensue is useable H2O. The concluding experiment proved my hypothesis incorrect. My outlooks were that tap H2O would hold more contaminations compared to bottled H2O. In fact, tap H2O measured equal if non better than that of bottled H2O. While carry oning the first experiment, I did non recognize that some of our H2O is filtered through a natural procedure. When the H2O is in a watercourse or a lake, the workss and water-creatures around it filters the H2O for us. â€Å"Consider the predicament of wetlands—swamps, fens, fens, bogs, estuaries, and tidal flats. Globally, the universe has lost half of its wetlands, with most of the devastation holding taken topographic point over the past half century. The loss of these productive ecosystems is double harmful to the environment: wetlands non merely shop H2O and conveyance foods, but besides act as natural filters, soaking up and thining pollutants such as N and P from agricultural overflow, heavy metals from excavation and industrial spills, and natural sewerage from human settlements† ( Turk & A ; Bensel, 2011 ) . What impressed me most about these experiments were that tap H2O is merely every bit good, if non better, than expensive bottled H2O. Whether you are a tenant or a householder, you have to pay a monthly measure for the usage of tap H2O. Alternatively of passing 1000s of dollars on bottled H2O it would do more sense to utilize tap H2O because it goes through a really strict filtrating procedure in order to do it drinkable. â€Å"Sales of bottled H2O have increased dramatically in recent old ages, with world-wide gross revenues of more than $ 35 billion, mostly because of the public perceptual experience of pureness and safety and public concern about the quality of pat water† ( Raj, 2005 ) . Tap H2O is required to run into the EPA imbibing H2O criterions. Decision In decision, land H2O taint experiment displayed what happens when our H2O system is contaminated. With points that we use on a day-to-day footing, our system can easy go contaminated if we are non cognizant of what we pour down the drain or pollutants that enter into our oceans. Everyday activities like rinsing down an oil private road, run outing pool H2O, which contains Cl, into the public sewerage and even giving your house pet a bath outside and leting the detergents to come in our H2O supply, which will do injury to our H2O supply. But with todays engineering there are big H2O filtrating corporations. Water treating workss can take contaminated H2O and turn it into drinkable H2O. There are assorted types of trial and needed ordinances that each province must stay by refering public imbibing H2O. So alternatively of purchasing these expensive bottled H2O, we can imbibe tap H2O because it is no different, if non better, than most bottled H2O. â€Å"The ends of environmental stat ute law and associated ordinances are to protect public wellness, natural resources, and ecosystems. In this context, supervising plans should supply seasonably and relevant information so that the regulative community can implement statute law in a cost-efficient and efficient mode. The Safe Drinking Water Act ( SDWA ) of 1974 efforts to guarantee that public H2O systems ( PWS ) supply safe H2O to its consumers. As is the instance with many other federal environmental legislative acts, SDWA monitoring has been implemented in comparatively unvarying manner across the USA† ( Brands, Rajagopal, 2008 ) . Mentions: Trade names, E. , & A ; Rajagopal, R. ( 2008 ) . Economicss of place-based monitoring under the safe imbibing H2O act, portion III: Performance rating of place-based monitoring schemes. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 143 ( 1-3 ) , 103-120. Department of the Interior: hypertext transfer protocol: //dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9961-2 Conis, E. ( 2008, October 13 ) . Bottled versus pat: Which is safer? The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //articles.latimes.com/2008/oct/13/health/he-nutrition13 Espejo, L. , Kretschmer, N. , Oyarzun, J. , Meza, F. , Nunez, J. , Maturana, H. , Oyarzun, R. , et al. , ( 2012 ) . Application of Water Quality Indices and Analysis of the Surface Water Quality Monitoring Network in Semiarid North-Central Chile. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184 ( 9 ) , 5571-88. Department of the Interior: hypertext transfer protocol: //dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2363-5 Quagraine, E. K. , & A ; Adokoh, C. K. ( 2010 ) . Assessment of Dry Season Surface, Ground, and Treated Water Quality in the Cape Coast Municipality of Ghana. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 160 ( 1-4 ) , 521-39. Department of the Interior: hypertext transfer protocol: //dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0716-5 Raj, S. D. ( 2005 ) . Bottled Water: How Safe Is It? Water Environment Research, 77 ( 7 ) , 3013-8. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //search.proquest.com/docview/216066348? accountid=32521 Turk, J. , & A ; Bensel, T. ( 2011 ) . Contemporary Environmental Issues. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc

Intel Corporation Essay

Intel Corporation Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore Founded Intel in 1968. The two scientists had a vision for semiconductor memory products. In the year of 1971, the first microprocessor was shown to the world. Today Intel continues to grow not only in computer technology, but in the scientific areas of chemistry. Intel has reached out and opened doors to the world offering education, inspiration, communication and careers. The article I read is one that reads how Intel is making a better future and touches the lives of many; including a Colorado girl who received $100,000 Intel first prize; Sara Volz is a high school senior who has cultivated populations of algae in hopes to create a more feasible bio-fuel for the future. (Hauser, 2013) I find this article intriguing in a couple ways, first the brilliant minds at work in science and technology, and that Intel is helping and inspiring these brilliant minds to grow build their company in an un-self-serving way. Intel is a Corporation, which is defined as a legal structure that enables individuals to contribute and pool resources, capital, and labor in order to generate a profit. They are created by state law in the stated in which they are incorporated. Intel Corporation makes strenuous efforts to interact with their stakeholders, providing information profiles, biographies and documents on their website. Intel is the world’s largest semiconductor chip maker; the products they manufacture are computing and communication components like motherboards and wireless products. Intel strives to make the best product offering, service at your finger tips, extended service warranty, technical support, and Intel server parts on shop Intel. (Intel, 2013) Intel’s offers this globally to the B2B market and the consumer market. Intel Corporation holds about 80% of the market for microprocessors that go into the computers components most use today. Being number one Intel has competition in the computing and technology world, for example; International Business Machines, AKA (IBM). IBM the top providers of computer products and services the company focuses on service business and is one of the biggest providers of semiconductors. IBM also serves customers globally across most industries. (CNN money, 2012) Another competitor is  Advanced Micro Devices inc. (AMD). AMD is ranked number two in PC and server microprocessors, although Intel takes the world of processor market AMD gets most its sales internationally, china accounting for over half making it one of Intel’s biggest competitors. Intel’s motivates their employees by offering, Flexible Work Options; this gives employees flexibility in their schedules with telecommuting, part time, and job share opportunities to fit the needs in their pers onal lives. Family Focus offer childcare, and eldercare. Personal and professional development, Intel wants its employees to grow and helps with offering seminars tuition reimbursement, clubs, and career training courses. Last but not least their excellent coverage and preventive care, Health and Wellness Program to be proactive. The benefits and motivational factors may be one of the reasons Intel’s turnover rate is low. Intel saw 3% or less of their employees leave voluntarily during a 12-month period when surveyed. (CNN money, 2012) Intel corporation (NASDAQ: INTC) last price today is 23.96 on May 02, 2013. The highest was May 02, 2012 at a price of 29.18 and its lowest was November 20, 2012 at stock price of 19.36 (CNN money, 2012). Stock price has fluctuated at Intel over the past year but today is on its way back up. When buying shares of stock a decision is based on how well corporation and their profits are doing. In 2012, economic conditions were low, the increase in the job market means an increase in housing, and buying when people are buying like they are today in 2013 one is more likely to take a risk in corporate profits buying in stock (LIM, 2012) Ten years from now Intel will still be going strong. According to Gordon E Moore, Intel’s Co-founder a visionary wrote a paper in 1965 the paper notes in observation that the number of components in integrated circuits had doubled every year over and would continue. (AKA, Moore’s Law). According to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors the trend is expected to continue with a bit of slowing at the end of 2013. Intel is a large corporation that is growing every day, creating employee partnership, giving not only to the community, but to communities around the world, and making a huge difference. Intel Values their employees, the quality of the products they develop, and their customers. Works Cited CNN money. (2012). Retrieved may May 03 2013, 2013, from CNN money top companies: http://money.cnn.com/ Hauser, E. (2013, march 12). New York Times. Retrieved May 03, 2013, from Science, Colorado Student Receives $100,000 Intel First Prize: http://www.nytimes.com/ Intel. (2013, May 2). Intel Corporation. Retrieved 2013 LIM, P. J. (2012, 12 16). The New York Times. Retrieved May May 02, 2013, 2013, from Your money: http://www.nytimes.com/

Gay marriage Essay

The sanctioning of gay marriage is a moral way forward and has positive outcomes in all aspects of life. Homosexuality it seems is a modern concept in terms of today’s news, especially as the legalization of gay marriages are now at the forefront of today’s current issues. The facts are, homosexuality is not a modern concept or a modern way of life, from as far back as history will allow us to delve it is believed that homosexuality in men has always existed. Many ancient writers, such as Strabo and Athenaeus, wrote that the Gauls or Celts commonly practiced homosexuality. Aristotle wrote that the Celts â€Å"openly held in honor passionate friendship (synousia) between males†. Diodorus Siculus wrote that â€Å"Although the Gauls have lovely women, they scarcely pay attention to them, but strangely crave male embraces (arrenon epiplokas). (Norton) As we have moved through the centuries and certainly more towards the end of the last century and into this one, it has become a lesser taboo subject than it once was. The media has brought to our attention, positive and sometimes negative reactions to people who practice same sex relationships. Even celebrities have, in some ways, brought about a wider recognition of homosexual behaviour and thankfully this has allowed a certain extent of acceptance. The familiarity of reading and viewing such issues has enabled a greater reception and a recognized tolerance for the gay community. From a libertarian point of view, we are discouraged and prohibited from causing any racial or discriminatory behaviour towards others; be more open minded towards differing lifestyles and opinions, and this should not be any different towards homosexuals, or those seeking to enter into a gay marriage. Ostracizing homosexuals only leads to and breeds a misunderstanding and a promotion of discrimination. Homosexuals do not choose to live this way out of defiance or rebellion; they are born this way and should not be made to feel victimized. A further hindrance in the fight for legalization is the concept that allowing such justification would give confidence to those individuals having the need to marry their pets or walk down the aisle with their blow up dolls. This argument is preposterous as in the first instance there can never be an entry into marriage between any beast and a human. The beast has no ability to speak and cannot therefore agree to marriage, the same goes for a doll or any animate object. It is difficult enough in this day and age to maintain any kind of relationship and being involved in a gay relationship is no different, perhaps in some cases it is harder, however as society has struggled to come to terms with this behaviour, it should be reminded that any relationship, if it is a healthy relationship, is a good relationship regardless of who is involved and their chosen sexuality. The legalization of gay marriages will support and promote homosexuality and this should be regarded in a positive way for all those concerned. Studies repeatedly demonstrate that people who marry tend to be better off financially, emotionally, psychologically, and even medically. (Cline) A communatarian standpoint would be that though the above concentrates solely on the personal benefits, the same can be realised when considering the families of gay couples and the communities they live in. The acceptance and legalization of their unity promotes a healthy attitude and has a constructive influence on others, consequently this influence creates routine, stability, positive role models and a preferred society to live in. Homosexuals are not harming anyone with their intentions of marriage, it is simply the next level of their relationship and they should not be denied this as their right. â€Å"When your government puts into place laws that prevent people from being equal they set the stage for those who discriminate to feel justified. † (Hosty) Legal classification has and can be changed; society and tradition have changed without the need for a legal approval therefore there seems no reason to uphold the argument. It has been said that homosexuality weakens the definition of marriage and that the belief and crusade for legalization will encourage and increase ‘fake’ marriages. Yet who is to say that this does not occur in heterosexual marriages. Attempting to pocket homosexuals into this category of behaviour is a poor attempt of a weak argument and should be disregarded when looking for blame in this area. The procreation debate is another common case of contention, many believing that marriage should then result in reproduction and in endorsing homosexual behaviour the human race will suffer. Homosexuals do not influence heterosexual people; there will not come a time when there are no heterosexuals left due to homosexuals. Homosexuality is not a recruitment agency. It is not clear why straight people would stop procreating if gays could marry. The factors driving people to reproduce — the needs for love and to love another, the purported instinct to propagate one’s genes, religious obligations — would still exist if Adam and Steve could marry. No couple has ever been required to procreate in order to marry. No couple has ever even been required to be able to procreate in order to marry. Sterile couples and old couples can marry. Couples physically able to procreate but who do not want to procreate can get married. (Carpenter) Tradition and family values have also featured in the arguments against gay marriage, yet the world seems to be content to develop in technological and other social customs. No laws have been introduced to prevent heterosexual couples from living together outside of marriage, nor have there been any actions taken against single, heterosexual women adopting children, yet when it comes to homosexuals and the idea of them legally binding their love, this is unacceptable. According to The Bible it clearly condemns all sexual behaviors outside of marriage between one man and one woman. Homosexual behavior is explicitly condemned in both the Old and New Testaments as an abomination and a violation of God’s standards for sexuality. (Coalition) Yet this is not a law, it is a book of beliefs, a book that many people claim to believe in, yet fail to live by its words. Only choosing what is to suit personal purpose is this referred to. Many people, who claim to believe in The Bible, and its beliefs in respect of homosexuals, do not take into account their own lives and that perhaps they flout the Books scriptures. None of us live perfect lives, yet there are numerous bigoted people who drive for the argument against something as inoffensive as a homosexual couple showing their love. Statistically speaking it is known that homosexuals live 20 years less than heterosexuals therefore the argument continues that legalization would be encouraging an unhealthy lifestyle. Numerous conflicts make homosexual behaviors abnormal, including rampant promiscuity, inability to maintain commitment, psychiatric disorders and medical illnesses with a shortened life span. The sexual practices of homosexuals involve serious health risks and illness. Specifically, sodomy as a sexual behavior is associated with significant and life-threatening health problems. Unhealthy sexual behaviors occur among both heterosexuals and homosexuals. Yet the medical and social science evidence indicate that homosexual behavior is uniformly unhealthy. Men having sex with other men leads to greater health risks than men having sex with women, not only because of promiscuity but also because of the nature of sex among men. (Fitzgibbons) Heterosexuals also live unsavory lifestyles; drug users, criminals and sexual predators all come in different shapes, sizes, gender and color, being homosexual is not primarily unhealthy and if society were to accept this lifestyle more readily, perhaps the gay community may adapt their lifestyles and take less risks. A loving and stable relationship, albeit a homosexual one, generates maturity and respective values towards one another. Throughout history there have been many definitions of marriage. Usually; A legally recognized union of a man and a woman by ceremony or common law. (Services) but more recently this has been generalized to identify marriage as two people who are married to each other. The emphasis being on the word ‘people’ implies that there has been an easing of attitude, therefore why would this definition change? If marriage is indeed meant only for procreation purposes, why are infertile couples allowed to enter into marriage when there will be no child borne from the relationship? There are heterosexual couples who have married in later life, with no desire for children and they do not come across such obstacles when making their decision. From a utilarian aspect, a child will only develop positively in a loving and stable relationship; this can take place in a homosexual relationship just as well as in a ‘conventional’ relationship. There will always be a form of resistance where change is involved. Fear of the unknown, lack of knowledge and more importantly, ignorance will all factor in this struggle to change people’s opinions. The legalization of a gay marriage should not be about the sexuality of the couple; it should be about recognizing and celebrating a couple’s love for one another. Marriages have changed erratically over the years, respectively considered to be ‘uncool’ or ‘unnecessary. In the past it was thought to be sinful to live with a partner and not enter into marriage, yet our views of this have changed. It is perfectly acceptable to have multiple partners and to cohabit with your chosen partner yet when it comes to those individuals who chose to live together and get married from the same sex, this is not acceptable. There are innumerable ‘slippery slope’ theories that have no ultimate backbone to their arguments. Anyone it seems, no matter what they engage in, be it any kind of sexual deviance, religious beliefs, personal lifestyle choice, they are given permission to say â€Å"I do†, however, if those same people were to be homosexual, their permission would not only be denied but they would suffer judgment and prejudice from those standing court. A persons future happiness should not be determined by small minded and judgemental bureaucrats. It may be a more practical method to way up the statistics of the general public as they are, after all, the majority of the society we have to live in. The statistics overleaf highlight the conclusion that there seems to be an opposition from the middle aged generation, unable to move on from tradition and their political persuasions. (Times) Carpenter, Dale. Independent Gay Forum – Gay Marriage and Procreation. 18 March 2004. 20 March 2008 . Cline, August. Gay Rights, Marriage & Homophobia: Ethical & Political Issues: Arguments for Gay Marriage: Moral and Social Arguments for Gay Marriage. 20 March 2008 . Coalition, The Traditional Values. Traditional Values Defined – What Are Traditional Values? 20 March 2008 . Fitzgibbons, Rick. Medical Downside of Homosexual Behavior. 18 September 2003. 20 March 2008 . Hosty, John. Live, Love, and Learn. 12 December 2005. 20 March 2008 . Norton, Rictor. â€Å"Taking a Husband†: â€Å"A History of Gay Marriage† Queer Culture. 21 February 2004 (amended 2006). 20 March 2008 . Services, Department of Human. Department of Human Services. 20 March 2008 . Times, The Seattle. Rogue Pundit: Statistics, Gay Marriage and Equal Rights. 28 March 2004. 20 March 2008 . hhhh

Emergency Disaster Plan xyz Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Emergency Disaster Plan xyz Corporation - Essay Example If such a plan is not presented and activated in time, it becomes highly risky in the course of time when such an eventuality occurs. The cost of the loss sustained is far higher and in many cases, there is no compensation possible for such losses. Whether this is a flood or a fire or a terrorist strike the company should be ready to take care of the eventuality. A high level technical support should be planned and there should be a clear commitment from across the company and its management. Management should be aware of the liability and accountability to the company and the public in general. The process would involve a steering committee being set up for this purpose which would enable the members to know the different classes of security and protection in addition to disaster management for different types of companies. It is also essential that an appropriate budget is drawn for this purpose. Budget can be effectively planned only if there is a clear allocation of teams for specific jobs and execution plan for every one of the jobs in the disaster management. 1. Property damages could occur due to water seepage in the company as well as due to wind. In an insurance company, the threat perception is noticed only for the information contained in the computers and the loss that could occur to this data will be the one that would cause loss to the business. 2. Water is capable of damaging the entire computer network in the office which could result in loss of data in the computer as well as loss due to stoppage of work. 3. Loss due to wind could take the form of disrupted wiring and networks resulting in communication issues that could stop smooth flow business. Loss of business activity would mean that clients are not served and orders are not booked. Either of them would result in a loss to the company in terms of finance or in terms of service creating wrong impressions with the clients. 4. Apart from this the company is also vulnerable to external man made attacks in terms of virus or such other external ingression of unwanted elements on to the computer network. 5. The possibility of a fire to the building also exists. 6. The possibility of an earthquake in that area is also possible. Out of these possible vulnerabilities, the area is prone to flooding and winds of hurricane grade. Therefore, the company should ideally plan for defending itself against such vulnerabilities. In order to safeguard itself against flooding and hurricanes, the company should look for the following measures: 1. To counter flooding, physical security is primary. All back up data taken every day should be kept inside safe packs of water proof and fire proof quality. Fire can also be caused by hurricanes. 2. The structure of the building may be so planned that the building is appropriately raised and built so that the chances of flooding the building goes down to zero if possible. 3. Company should ensure that the data is safely backed up every day and moved to a different location so that even in the case of a large flood stopping the work and spoiling the data in the company main data center, the data in the other location can be called on

Assigment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Assigment - Essay Example The general assumption is that wealth is equally distributed among the citizens yet it is a few individuals who are rich. Secondly, the quality of goods and services that comprises the output and externalities like pollution are not taken into consideration. In addition, increase in output may be attributed to long working hours with less leisure time. There is a lot of money in the black economy like prostitution, which is not included in the GDP computation. Non-market transactions such as volunteer and household chores are also not included. Sustainability of growth is not considered in the calculation of GDP because the country may have exploited its resources hence increasing its GDP. b) % change in nominal GDP is calculated by change in the GDP *100; from 1981 to 1991 and 1991 to 2001 , the nominal GDP has changed by 91.18% and 70.50% respectively while the real GDP has changed by 43.75% from 1981 to 1991 and by 21.96% from 1991 to 2001. (b) The last few years after the crisis have witnessed a gradual decline in productivity growth and the situation may persist for much longer (Orszag). Projections indicate that the trend is likely to persist for a much longer period. One of the reasons behind the slowdown in productivity growth is the fact that a significant percentage of the population is not engaged in active productive engagements. An aging population has also been cited as one of the reasons behind the slump in productivity. The author points out that workers usually display less enthusiasm and productivity after a crisis. The impact of the crisis manifests at the level of confidence on the part of the workers as many of them become affected by insecurities that hamper their capacity to produce. The studies indicate that the levels of productivity have been going down even before the crisis reached its peak in

What is peak oil Is there any evidence that cities in the developing Essay

What is peak oil Is there any evidence that cities in the developing world are taking the issue seriously in their planning If there is little or no evidence, why is this the case - Essay Example st of the potentially oil rich regions have already been explored, and also due to legislation concerning the preservation of land with natural beauty or heritage value. The irreversible decline in oil production will cause adverse impacts in the global economy, â€Å"recession, food shortages and wars and conflicts over the remaining oil supplies† (Huddart and Stott 873). By the year 2030, it is predicted that while city dwellers in developed countries would have increased by 20%, the urban population in developing countries would have more than doubled to around 4 billion people, leading to overcrowding in several cities. In contemporary society there is a heavy dependence on oil for transportation, in industry, and in other requirements for liquid fossil fuels. â€Å"China, India and other countries are rapidly increasing their consumption while production from known oil fields is peaking† (Wissler 80). Kenneth S. Deffeyes (23) raises a controversial perspective based on geology and mathematics; he considers it improbable that additional major oilfields now remain undiscovered, and predicts increasingly difficult economic, social and political conditions particularly for regions most dependent on oil, specifically imported oil. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and other exporters of oil will be able to charge high rates to fulfill the demands for the commodity, resulting in steep oil price hikes followed by greater chaos than similar occurrences in 1973 and 1979. The problem of ‘peak oil’ is also related to the issue of global warming. When oil production peaks and starts declining, it will be necessary to use other substitutes besides renewable resources examined above, such as coal. This will be necessary to power electric and hybrid vehicles and as the material converted into diesel fuel. These processes producing carbon dioxide will increase air and water pollution, and adversely affect climate change. â€Å"Therefore, a potential effect of climate change is increased

Writer's choice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writer's choice - Research Paper Example The word Islam equates to the English word ‘peace’ or ‘submission’. The core of teachings in the Qur’an largely focuses on good manners, worship and promotion of peace. The notions of forgiving others and sustaining healthy relationships with relatives and other members of the society are regarded in the highest esteem. Islam advises the followers to respect the laws of the country and avoid unlawful conduct in matters of daily life (Alavi, 205). Keeping in view the above mentioned teachings of Islam and by knowing that the vast majority of population in the Middle East follows the religion of Islam, one can safely infer that stability in the Middle East is largely due to a better understanding of Islam. As compared to rest of the Muslim world, the ability of Arabic population to better understand the word of Allah (God) makes them able to understand the significance of peace and obedience; the ultimate consequence of which is stability at the regional level. Flexibility is already a feature of sharia. Decisions about the various disputes are decided in accordance to the holistic conditions of both the parties. It is therefore apparent that although Islamic law is very strict about certain crimes, the overall purpose of punitive measures is an improved survival of the society as a whole. It should also be kept in mind that ‘flexibility’ and ‘discrimination’ are two distinct concepts and Islam does not allow discrimination due to flexibility in law

What are the effects of a new experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What are the effects of a new experience - Essay Example This paper discusses some of the effects of experience. New experiences alter an individual’s concepts about the subject of experience. Let’s examine the case from the perspective of a child. Children are brave because they have no knowledge of the dangers associated with things like plugs. A child would be less than half as reluctant as an adult to intrude his finger into a plug turned on because he does not know that it can hurt. However, when the child has had an experience of being hurt by an electric shock upon the intrusion of finger into the plug at least once, he would remember for the next time the potential danger associated with the act, and would become just as reluctant to do the act in the future as an adult, because the two would have, at this stage, gained the same amount of knowledge about the dangers of electricity. From this example, it can be estimated that experiences shape an individual’s approach towards different matters of life. The chang ed perception tells an individual what course of action should be adopted in similar circumstances in the future.

Nursing degree (care study) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Nursing degree (care study) - Essay Example " i am almost finished with the research. Today when i opened the message column, the customer's message explaining the misunderstanding between the customer, ADMIN and this writer as follows and i quote " 61 From: Customer to Writer Date: 2006-08-08 01:47 Subject: Re: i saw the error made by the previous writer causing you to fail. Status: New There has been a clear misunderstanding with reagrds to this assignment the problem is 1) I was assigned a wriiter many months ago and this failed. I had to pay 140 for this!!! 2) I contacted admin but was told that because I had a complaint and it was over 2 weeks old I could not get another writter for free therefore I trusted the service and asked for a writter to complete. 3) The wriiter assigned was terrible and just plagarised lots of work and didn't stick to what I requested. 4) I was assigned a new writter, however I stressed to both the writter and admin that this work had to be completed by 2nd August as the work had to be submitted by 3rd August. 5) The new writter contacted me on the 2nd August after having the work for 5 days and stated that they have not done anything to the work as they could not find the relevant information. 6) I contacted admin to complain and they said I could have a new writter, howver I turned down a new writter as they would of only had about 10 hours to work on this assignemnt until the deadline of 3rd August 9am. So sorry admin had misinformed you, but I had to complete the work myself I stayed up all night. " therefore, please remove this from my current folder because it is unfair to fine me fothe LAZINESS of the RAMESH and the second writer. to be frank i could finish this on time if the customer had me as...i am working on it now. will you rather give your research on the history of the patient you did or do i have get a patient for myself please respond so i can finish this on time. i am almost finished with the research. Today when i opened the message column, the customer's message explaining the misunderstanding between the customer, ADMIN and this writer as follows and i quote " 61 From: Customer to Writer Date: 2006-08-08 01:47 2) I contacted admin but was told that because I had a complaint and it was over 2 weeks old I could not get another writter for free therefore I trusted the service and asked for a writter to complete. 6) I contacted admin to complain and they said I could have a new writter, howver I turned down a new writter as they would of only had about 10 hours to work on this assignemnt until the deadline of 3rd August 9am. therefore, please remove this from my current folder because it is unfair to fine me fothe LAZINESS of the RAMESH and the second writer. to be frank i could finish this on time if the customer had me as the writer in the first place instead of the other 2 writers. by the way, are they premium writers

Portrait of Dr Gachet Essay Example for Free

Portrait of Dr Gachet Essay A. Introduction When the name Van Gogh comes up, one can imagine sunflowers, stars at night, rice fields, and lonely portraits. His works resemble writing. (Berger, 2001, p.87) His life rendered to writing. When one hears his name, one remembers a song, a play, a book.   Van Gogh’s appeal is world-wide. Collectors, dealers, and museums place a high price on a painting. Artists, art critics, and even an ordinary person who knows a thing or two about Western art can appreciate his works as well as his life story.    He was a post impressionist painter. (vangoghgallery.com) One of the controversial paintings of Van Gogh is the Portrait of Dr. Gachet. The subject (Paul Ferdinand Gachet) was the painter’s physician and friend. He made the portrait six weeks before he committed suicide. (businessweek.com, 1998) B. Description / Analysis The subject in the painting occupied much of the space. It cuts a diagonal line in the middle of the canvass. The slant gives the mood of the subject. Dr. Gachet is in a reclining position as if exhausted and sad. The subject’s outline – from his hat, to his shoulders, to his hand, was drawn with soft curved lines. The features of the face and the coat are also of curves. The curves give the work an over-all softness which contributes to the idea of sadness; as opposed to sharp lines which usually denote coldness. There were very few straight lines used. They can only be seen in the objects (two books) beside the subject. There are also the famous small strokes using semi-curved lines used by Van Gogh to give texture. The strokes have little space between them. And, the background colors of these strokes are still very visible. These small strokes create a pattern-like detail ( it used the principle of repetition) to the visual objects that uses them such as subject’s clothes and his background.   The main subject is oval. He is like a fruit reclining on a table. The dominant colors are blue and green. There are many shades using these colors. They are contrasting to the subject’s skin tone which is mostly a combination of yellow and cream. The face and the arms are fair with soft details using light brown and green. The contrast of the dark and the light colors brings attention to the face, and thus the mood of the subject; which as mentioned earlier looks exhausted and sad. The subject was placed in the middle ground.   The foreground are the other visual objects such as books, table and the flowers in a vase. The foreground gives an idea to the setting; that the portrait was done during a casual encounter. The background is an outline of a landscape (in dark blue) and sky (in pale blue). The background colors are of the same shade which create harmony. The Portrait of Dr.Gachet was painted in 1890. Its size is 67 x 56 cm. It used oil on canvas.(paletaworld.org) Van Gogh used this medium the most as shown in his most famous paintings. There are debates on whether Van Gogh’s art is impressionist, expressionist or post-impressionist. Partly, due to the small brush strokes he used to give detail to visual objects, some say he belongs to the impressionist painters. The small strokes are signs of the artist’s swift motion during painting. Since the outline of the visual objects are simple, one gets the idea that the artist must have paid attention to the affect reality such as the mood or feeling of the subject at that time. This presents a way of seeing; as opposed to hyperrealist artworks which concentrate on the mastery of details. (Berger, 2001, p. 8) C. Interpretation The over-all impact of the painting is sadness. It was an intimate portrait because the painter was drawing out feelings. This can be seen in the choice of colors, soft lines and -most obvious- the details of the subject’s face. By the title alone Portrait of Dr. Gachet, one expects to see a serious man. Visual details show the same characteristic as the subject appears to be a serious man. Beside the subject were books. Reading suggests educational or professional background. The subject wore a dark coat and a defined moustache -which are the common symbols of being proper. The usual portraits are arranged like a pictorial. The Portrait of Dr. Gachet deviates from this. It is not a display of attributes. The painting is affective. This means that it shows a relation between the subject and the painter. The subject was relaxed enough to recline and show his emotions. He looks exhausted or resigned from something, and he is conveying it. The table used as a foreground suggests the looker (the painter) might be on the other end. Facts concerning the subject’s relation to Van Gogh came as no surprise. He was said to be unable to help Van Gogh in his depression and is suffering from it as well. (Bertman, 2006) The subject’s relation to the painter is relevant. He was his doctor. And he was with him days before the painter’s death.   The sad and tired look on the doctor’s face symbolizes surrender. The death of Van Gogh came days later. In the Portrait of Dr. Gachet, Van Gogh was painting vulnerability. He was keen to the moment being lived by himself and his subject. D. Judgment The Portrait of Dr. Gachet stirred controversy for the high price it was bought and the mystery of its vanishing. It was auction in 1990 with a bidding that started with $20 million and sealed with $ 82.5 million. A Japanese industrialist kept it in a secret store room. He gained notoriety when he exclaimed in jest that the piece would be cremated with him. After his death, the painting was said to have been sold, but it was no longer seen by the public. The Portrait of Dr. Gachet is controversial not only because it was the painting bought with the highest price for an auction. The very manner of passing it from one collector to another who did not have any interest in sharing it to the public, and not even to view it himself, (Kleiner, 2000)   show how art is a property of the privileged. Its vanishing act sparked further debates on the commodification of art. The common sentiment revolves around the seemingly waste of art because Van Gogh was important to the public. But, the pr ivileged (collector) did not have the intention to give. It seemed their own love of art is a pretension. (Berger, 103) E. Conclusion The Portrait of Dr. Gachet is a portrait of many values. It is a portrait drawn to portray beyond social status. It also described social relations. It is an artwork about perception and emotions. It is an intimate portrait of a man who was supposed to cure the painter. It is significant to all who appreciate Van Gogh. It is also valuable to all who regard art beyond one’s private collection.

The power of music

The power of music The Power of Music Music surrounds us in our everyday lives. We hear it when we are in the car, at work, when we are shopping, at restaurants, at doctors offices, and many more places. The music serves a purpose other than entertainment at many of these places.   Music has the power to influence mood and behavior in people and it is no secret that it is used at every available opportunity. We are introduced to music in our mothers womb even before we are born. It is used to sooth, to hype up, to educate, for entertainment, as a medium to remember information, for medical purposes, and so much more. Music is used in many ways to improve and enhance the lives of people. It is meant to be consumed, whether it is by the listener, performer, or composer. It is a way to translate feelings and desires that are sometimes difficult to express using language. The style of music has changed dramatically throughout the ages. For instance, there are six main eras in music history. The Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Twentieth Century. The music in these eras reflects the time period. Music has been and always will be a popular form of entertainment for many. The dictionary defines music as an art of sound in time that expresses ideas and emotions in significant forms through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, and color(Dictionary). Music has the ability and power to influence human thoughts and behaviors. Employers and retail stores use the power of music to produce a desired behavior from their employees and customers. For example, according to The Journal of Marketing, background music is thought to improve the stores image, make employees happier, reduce employee turnover rate, and to stimulate customer purchasing (Milliman). Does music actually influence mood and behavior? What is it about music that affects mood? According to an article in the Music Educators Journal, volume, tempo, consonance, dissonance, tone color and form all may have an effect on a persons mood (Gaston). It is not just the music itself that has an effect on people; the lyrics of a song can also have an effect. Many people are concerned that music with violent or derogatory lyrics may have a negative effect on youth and provoke violent behavior. Many researchers have examined the effects of how music provokes violent behavior. In a study conducted at Western Connecticut State University researchers examined whether or not watching a violent music video would provoke the participants to answer questions with violent responses. There were thirty-three participants, eleven in each of three groups; one group watched violent music videos, another group watched non-violent music videos, and the last group did not watch any videos. Afterw ard, the participants were given a questionnaire. The study found that the violent music videos did provoke participants to react more violently when answering questions about hypothetical scenarios (Tropeano). People are introduced to music even before they are born. According to an article in Pregnancy Today, by the fifth month of pregnancy the babys hearing is completely developed and they are able to hear noises that are outside the womb. Prenatal stimulation through music may provide some babies with a sense of confidence and relaxation when they are born (Lacey). In 1993 a study was conducted in Irvine, California by Dr. Francis Raucher, Dr. Gordon L. Shaw, and their colleagues on a group of thirty-six undergraduate college students it was found that they improved their spatial-temporal intelligence (the ability to mentally manipulate objects in three-dimensional space) after listening to 10 minutes of a Mozart sonata. The results of the study showed that student IQ scores improved by 8-9 points and lasted for 10-15 minutes. This study was coined the Mozart effect (Jones). Music is sometimes used to relax and soothe people. After a stressful event, listening to calming or classical music relaxes the body and mind. Music can also induce a more positive state of mind. It has long been believed that music can also act as an aphrodisiac (an element, either natural or chemical, that stimulates a sexual desire). Human senses are powerful and can trigger emotion. The type of music depends on the person. Music triggers different emotions in different people. What one person enjoys and is stimulated by could disgust and upset someone else. Many people use music as a way to get pumped up. Gyms usually play music with a faster tempo to increase speed and motivation. According to a study on musical tempo an increased tempo increased the speed in which people preformed simple tasks. It also affected the participants in the study by acting as a stressor and increasing their heart rate. When the tempo of the music was reduced the heart rate decreased (Mayfield). Music with a fast tempo and stimulates and demands physical activity. Music therapy is growing in the field of medicine. Its calming effects can help reduce anxiety and ward off the negative effects of stress (Stress and the Environment). This can help by reducing the negative effect t the stress response has on the body and mind. Music is used for medical purposes such as lowering blood pressure and autism. In an Italian study twenty-eight peoples blood pressure was monitored for twenty-four hours. They were then given a CD of classical, Celtic, or Indian music to listen to for thirty minutes per day for one month. After the month the patients blood pressure was monitored once again. The patients blood pressure did in fact drop. Their average systolic blood pressure (the first number in a blood pressure reading) had dropped three points, and their average diastolic blood pressure (the second number in a blood pressure reading) had dropped four points. There were twenty other patients who did not listen to music and after monitoring their blood pressu re, there was no change (Hitti). Children who have been diagnosed with autism receive many benefits from music therapy. Depending on where children are placed on the autism spectrum music can assist with communication and provide structural regularity that the children need (downey). We have seen that music is used for healing but what about as a weapon of war? In 1989, music used as a weapon to torture first came into light. U.S. Troops blared loud music in an effort to induce the surrender of Manual Norriega, the Panamanian president. According to an article written by Suzanne G. Cusick this form of torture, called acoustic bombardment went mainstream after the cold war and is a common practice on the battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan in Operation Enduring Freedom (Cusick). The US also used this acoustic bombardment during interrogations in Guantanamo (Rapp). What is it about music that has such a profound effect on the human mind and body? Research has shown that music with a strong beat can stimulate brain waves to sync with the beat. The fast beat encourages sharper thinking and better concentration whereas the slower beat creates a relaxed almost meditative state. Music can also stimulate the brain to change gears easier. It effects remain evident even when you are done listening (Saarman). Using music to advertise is a good way to for a company to get the attention of a potential client or customer and for them to purchase the product or service that they are offering. Jingles are often easier for people to remember than just plain information. Many companies use popular artists or songs as a medium to advertise their products. One such company is Dr. Pepper. Their advertisements feature popular songs in hopes of getting the attention and marketing to the specific demographic associated with the song. By using music in advertising the company wants the listener to associate the song or tune with the product or service so when they hear the song they will think of the product or service. This is a great way for people to remember what they are selling. Religion uses music as a means to express ones faith and devotion. Johann Sebastian Bach, one of the worlds most famous and influential composers, wrote most of his music for the Lutheran church. Modern Christian songs are derived from popular music tunes and uses religious lyrics. According to an article written by Lorenzo Candelaria who is an assistant music professor at the University of Texas at Austin, Sacred music and art allow us to touch the face of God, through our perception of the world around us.' He believes that music is a way for people to understand their faith and spirituality and is a direct way for people to try to make sense of life and the afterlife (Moini). Music is sometimes used solely for entertainment purposes and accompanies many group and individual activities. Must is played in places such as dance clubs and skating rinks and produces a feeling of power. Faster music will control the speed at which you skate or dance or put you in the mood to do any of these activities.   Music is almost always used in movies. It can used to produce the feeling of suspense or excitement. It is used in tear-jerkers to solicit an emotional response of empathy. As you can see music has been and will always be woven into the fabric of our society. There are many uses for music and it has many hidden meaning and uses. Who knew that music was such a powerful tool and could have so many effects on the human body and mind? Its power spans from entertainment and fun to the ability to heal, reducing stress, creating a desired atmosphere for shoppers and employees, and so much more. What does the future of music hold for us?

Developing Innovation at Nokia

Developing Innovation at Nokia Abstract: This paper looks into the current situation at Nokia, a company that deals in the production of mobile phones as well as mobile software that are intended to run on. The current workforce at the company has been facing the challenge of lack of innovation in and requires a diagnosis and recommendation of the problem that the company is facing. The lack of innovation in the current world situation is detrimental to the company since it requires innovative employees so as to ensure that it is in line with technological advancement in the world today. As the world is moving forward and making major technological advancements companies like Nokia need to be innovative so as to stay ahead of the pack. The lack of innovation will lead to other companies taking up a greater share of the mobile phone industry meaning that Nokia will lose a lot in terms of capital and investment. This paper looks at the problem at Nokia, the possible causes of the problem and also suggests recommendations on h ow to deal with the problem of lack of innovation at the company. Introduction: Innovation in a working unit of employees can be defined as the act of starting something new for the first time, it is the act of coming up with a product that the world has never seen before or coming up with a product that easily solves the problems that the world is facing. Nokia needs to innovate and come up with a product or a series of products that have yet to be implemented by any of its competing organizations. Creation of a new product may be as a result from a study, experiment or even current problems that are facing the world. Innovation can be said to be the brain child of creativity of the company and its employees. In order to have innovation in the company proper motivation of employees is needed so as to be able to promote proper innovation in its employees. The companys employees must have a clear guideline and understanding of what innovation is and what it entails and what constitutes innovation. The company and its employees must first brace the benefits that c ome with innovation. These are discussed below: Benefits of promoting innovation at the work place: Promoting innovation in the team has great benefits for the team of employees as well as the company. Promoting innovation increases curiosity in the companys team of employees since it expands their thinking capabilities and lets them think outside the box. Innovation nurtures a character of wanting to know more so as to solve a problem. This is critical because curiosity leads to the team trying out and playing around with new ideas and concepts, this contributes highly to the learning process. Promoting innovation leads to increased productivity of the team. This can be through positive competition within the team. Promoting innovation leads to the team building and cohesiveness. The team acts as a single unit in order to meet the goals of innovation that have been set. Promoting innovation will increased employee motivation and morale. Promoting innovation encourages the team with passion in undertaking their tasks. Innovation leads to the team having more praise other than criti cism and these increases and boosts the teams spirit when facing a problem. (Rafinejad D. 2007) Promoting innovation in a team also has great benefits on not only the team members but also to Nokia as a whole. Nokia benefits greatly by being the first organization to take a product or service to the market before any of their competitors. Innovation gives Nokia an edge over its competition. By being the first organization to take a new product or service to the market Nokia gains a large market share. Due to having a large market share and increased team productivity Nokia benefits by the increase of profit margins. This in turn increases the share price of Nokia. Innovation also leads to increase in shareholder dividends due to the increased profit margins of the company. Innovation will increase the overall production of Nokia by having a highly motivated team. (Prather. C. 2001) Problems that lead to lack of innovation at Nokia: The lack of innovation is a dynamic constraint that affects the company. So as to solve the menace it would be important to first ask ourselves the question where does the problem lie? The company and its employees must understand the underlying problems that are leading to lack of innovation. Employees at Nokia also lack motivation and morale to develop any new products. Motivation is described as the mental push or pull that stimulates the companys workers towards a certain desired action that will lead towards the achievement of innovation goals. Employee enthusiasm directly affects an employees work input and output of an employee. Innovation requires a lot of employee effort and Nokia is facing the challenge of ensuring that it constantly motivates its employees so as to allow the company to operate at optimum efficiency. As discussed innovation is a direct effect of work output and input and it is greatly influenced and affected by motivation. Especially in the kind of volatile global market that companies like Nokia are dealing with. It is important for the employees to be well motivated so as to make sure they are innovative. Nokia needs also to look at building a team that works because it is important for employees to work together so as to ensure that they are i nnovative as well as productive. The recent financial meltdown that the world has brought about an increase in the prices of materials and production of new products, the company lacks enough funds so as to promote and nurture innovative ideas at the work place. The prices of energy, resources and labour have all shot up and the company is having problems trying to produce any new products in the market. The company is facing a very hard time trying to produce goods for its market in the United States let alone the global market. The company is on the receiving end of unfair competition from other mobile phone manufacturers for example Samsung who are operating in China which offers better market conditions as well as reduced cost of production. Without enough funds the company cannot come up with any innovative products for the current market since Nokia would be forced to make the cost of their product so high that customers would opt for other brands. Recommendations: How to foster innovation in employees: In an effort by the company to promote innovation Nokia could adopt a few strategies which encourage the team members to be as innovative as possible. The company needs to set up a team that will champion innovation in the organization. The team should lead the way for other employees. So as to increase innovation Nokia must first select the suitable employee team to tackle the problems at the organization. The team member should be selected and employed in a free and fair manner and it should only contain people who are qualified in the particular field that Nokia is dealing in. the team selected must include young and energetic people who are willing to learn fresh ideas and who are willing to take risks as well as being ready to branch away from the norm products that Nokia produces. The organization must select a competent team. It must ensure that employee dynamics in the team selected are good so as to increase the productivity of Nokia. The most important part of an organizati on is its employees. The employees should work together towards a goal. Employee diversity is a major setback to employees working together. Therefore Nokia should be able to harmonize all its employees so as to be able to achieve its goals. Employee relation intercession would be very important when there are many conflicts at the work place, when there is a recruitment of new employees and low employee morale. How to ensure the team works together: Employee training: Nokia could choose to hire a professional to train employees in the organization on the benefits. Employees could be trained on the importance of working together with their fellow employees. Mentorship plans and futuristic leadership: Nokias top leadership for example, the board of directors should offer the required mentorship to the organizations employees. The management should also be responsible for leading the companys workers towards meeting its goals and objectives. The company should also talk to the workers as a group and as a unit that requires working together. Nokia should resolve all conflicts that exist between the employees. Nokia must encourage open dialog as well as an open channel for communication between workers. Nokia should encourage team building and offer incentives for teams that have good performance. Nokia should then come up with an approach to innovate its team members. From time to time Nokia should reflect upon its approach so as to ensure that Nokia has in place proper measures and strategies that are in tune with Nokias morals, plans and objectives of Nokia. Nokia should then inform the whole team of the strategies and motivate the team to come up with new ideas for a new product or service (Konstadakopulos, 2001). Nokia should adopt a strategy of free flow of ideas within the team whereby the team members should be free to exchange information and ideas for the betterment of Nokia. Nokia should come up with an award scheme for some of the most innovative ideas. Awards could be in the form of salary bonuses to the team or team member who came up with the most innovative idea. Nokia must also ensure that the owner of an implemented idea get recognition for their work done (Konstadakopulos, 2001). Nokia must also be able to avail enough funds, resource and time so as to facilitate the research, design, testing and implementation of the innovative ideas. Nokia must encourage team member not to give up and take chances with ideas. Nokia should encourage the team to learn from its mistakes in the past. In as much as the team should be able to take risks Nokia must be able to teach the team how to pick between the risks and the benefits of taking the risk. To be able to differentiate the two should be well explained to the team members. Finally Nokia should have a perfect action plan so as to be able to implement the strategies that have been discussed above. Without the action plan the strategies discussed above will have no beneficial use to the organization (Konstadakopulos, 2001). The team selected by the organization should be able to anticipate future trends. Innovation is all about being the future. Nokia must be able to cater for research in future trends by collecting data from consumers and opinion polls. Nokia must be able to come up with practical and realistic ways for the team to overcome the problem facing Nokia. The organization must provide an environment that encourages and supports the team to do its best, to the best of its ability (William, 1989). Nokia must desist from internal or external interference of the teams work and should encourage the team to make its own independent decisions without having external pressures this could affect innovation. In as much as Nokia does not interfere in the teams work Nokia should continuously challenge the team to come up with innovative ideas and alternative ways of solving a problem. In an effort to maximize on innovation and profits Nokia must be ready to branch out and invest in emerging markets. It should promote innovation by encouraging the team to find new opportunities and concepts. Team members should be encouraged to be curious and experimental since its only by taking risk that they could learn. The policy of free flow of information should be implemented for the team so as to increase and boost the team building effort. Team building could also be enforced by, as discussed above, financial incentives to the team for having innovative ideas. Incentives will constantly challenge the team to be better. They also boost the teams spirit, morale and enthusiasm towards their work. These incentives could include pay rises, bonus pays and job promotions (Rajat, 2009). How to control employee motivation and performance: Nokia can use incentives and gifts to motivate employees into. Nokia should propose a system which offers employees financial incentives which are pegged on the profits that the company makes from any innovative. This will increase work input and output. This will in turn increase the companys profits. The employees participating in the scheme directly affect the companys profits. Nokia must ensure that the scheme motivates the selected employees to be more productive (Konstadakopulos, 2001). The goals and ambitions must be realistic and attainable. Nokia must spell out goals that can be achieved. It would be best if the goals were based on the history of the company. If the goals are set too high it would demoralize the employees. Nokia should provide a suitable climate for the development of employee careers. Promotions should be given on the basis of merit not on the basis of years of service. This will enhance career development for hardworking employees. It will also act as a motivating factor. Nokia must also plan for leadership and management. Only qualified employees should be promoted to leadership and management positions. This will ensure that Nokia has competent leadership and thus increase the companys productivity. It is important to increase employee performance so as to increase the overall performance of Nokia. Nokias goals offer the reference to performance. Nokia should clearly state its objectives and the progress to the goals must be monitored regularly. Nokia should have a feedback system that tells the employees hoe close or how far they are from Nokias objectives. So as to be able to meet this objectives employee performance is critical. The first step to performance management is the statement of Nokias performance goals. Nokia must have clearly stated and defined goals. The employees should be made aware of these goals. The next step would be coming up with a performance plan. The company must routinely monitor and track this plan. Nokia should evaluate performance and reward where due. The performance plans of Nokia should be open to development. They should allow for improvement. Conclusion: So as to be able to achieve an organizations goals and objectives its important for Nokia to embrace effective intercession. Organization development intercessions are aimed at increasing the performance and output of Nokia. So as to be successful organization development intercessions should affect the whole organization and should go down to individual level. The intercessions should be sponsored by the head of the company and should be supported by Nokias staff. Intercessions that should be implemented in this case should involve respect for employees and the administration, having a working administration in Nokia, having trust and open channels of communication between the administration and the employees. The intercessions must be able to support open confrontation of problems that are facing Nokia. Major stakeholders in Nokia must also participate actively in the intercessions. This will somehow give the intercessions a bit of weight and seriousness.

Early Childhood Development Essay -- Papers Child Analysis Children Es

The child that I chose for my observation is a two-year-old; Caucasian, female named Crystal. While observing her in a private facility, I was able to determine if she is behind, right on target, or advanced in areas of development. I observed her physical, intellectual, social and emotional developments. Physical development includes the child's body size, body proportion, normal growth, brain development, and motor skills. Intellectual development, or cognitive development, includes play patterns, reasoning, memory, attention span, and language development. Social and emotional development includes development of empathy, emotional self-regulation, peer sociability, and sex typing. The child that I observed exhibited normal growth patterns, advanced cognitive development in language especially, and normal social and emotional development. Physically, Crystal is right on target. Even though she is shorter than other children her age, she still achieves all types of activities set fo rth for her. The general growth curve explains that the growth and changes in the body size is slower during early and middle childhood. As far as gross and fine motor developments are concerned, she is also right on target. On the playground, Crystal is running, jumping, hopping, and riding a bike. When it comes to drawing, Crystal sits very quietly and concentrates on what she is doing. Crystal is advanced intellectually for her age. Experts say that brain development is very rapid during age's 2-6 years of age. Crystal also has an excellent memory, a wide attention span, and a great imagination. Make-believe is a very important part of Crystal's everyday routine, but she can distinguish between her imagination and reality. When Crystal tells a st... ...elopment. From my experience with other children her age, weather they are children of friends or family, I believe that her attendance at a preschool has helped her a lot with the majority of her development. Generally, Crystal is a well-rounded, well-developed 2-year-old. She is a smart, insightful, and a joy to be around. I have learned a lot about her development, even in such a short period of time. Even though I have learned a lot about Crystal, the only person can and should be the true observers are the parents. I often find myself watching my brothers, sister, cousins and the children that I work with. In the last couple of weeks, I have come to understand their weaknesses and strong points of development. This is something I had never taken the time to do before. By learning and understanding development, I will be able to understand and help them better.

Admiralty Outline :: essays research papers

Admiralty Outline Overview Admiralty is federal law, originating in Article III,  § 2 of Constitution. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First Congress included Cases of Admiralty/Maritime in Judiciary Act. ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Supremacy Clause. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If say that case is admiralty/maritime case, governed by admiralty law, is to say that substantive admiralty law applies. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Differences: statute of limitations, comparative laws for recovery, etc. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Main: trial by judge. From very beginning, admiralty cases are w/o juries. May be why someone brings suit in admiralty – to avoid the jury. ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Admiralty cases can’t be removed from state to federal courts. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  but most admiralty cases can be brought in state courts unless qualify under diversity. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But federal admiralty law will be applied. iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jurisdiction arises under: a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28 USC 1331: federal question b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28 USC 1332: diversity c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28 USC 1333: admiralty & maritime. iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BUT, Congress didn’t choose to enact substantive law in the statutes – left to courts. v.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Courts mainly address three issues: a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  what is an admiralty case? b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  if it is, what is the admiralty rule? c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  construing the savings to suitors clause – eg, what types of cases does Congress mean to say that we only want federal courts sitting in admiralty to have jurisdiction over? Basics of Admiralty Requires: Locality + maritime nexus -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Executive Jet decision. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  DeLovio v. Boit (1815): Maritime insurance policies are within admiralty & maritime jurisdiction of US b/c maritime contracts include charter parties, affreightments, marine bonds, Ks for repairing, supplying & navigating ships, Ks between part owners – etc – AND insurance. Historical limitations: -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Could only sue in rem -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Forbade actions in personam vs. shipowner, master. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rules precluding admiralty court from hearing matters arising w/in body of the country. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Forbidding admiralty jurisdiction where no influence of tide. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Forbidding admiralty jurisdiction involving building or sale of ship. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Thomas Jefferson (SCOTUS, 1825): Action arising on Ohio to Missouri river is not in admiralty, because no influence of tide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Great Lakes Act (1845): extends jurisdiction to G. Lakes. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Becomes almost superfluous after Genesee Chief, but – still allows saving to suitors the right of jury trial if wanted. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Possible to have an equal protection argument – why in GL, but not other inland navigable waters. But no caselaw.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Genesee Chief v. Fitzhugh (SCOTUS, 1851): overrules the TJ. Holds that GL Act is Constitutional. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lakes are inland seas o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hostile fleets have been encountered on them, prizes made, reason to have admiralty jurisdiction. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nothing particular in the tide that makes waters suitable for admiralty. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Limiting admiralty in country with so many inland navigable waters is impracticable.

Charles Dickens create his characters Essay

Charles Dickens is a great writer who has been successful throughout his life. He has written many novels for all age groups which consist of ‘Great Expectations’ (1860-61) and ‘Hard Times’. Dickens techniques of writing were much noticed by readers, especially his ways of creating characters. There are a number of ways to how dickens would create his characters, he places them in revealing or appropriate settings and describes their physical appearance. He also, allows them to speak so that we hear their vocabulary and tone of voice. His characters actions and movements are well described because he shows how other characters react to them. To understand dickens techniques more clearly, I will be investigating two characters, Abel Magwitch of ‘Great Expectations’ and Thomas Gradgrind of ‘Hard Times’. ‘Great Expectations’ is about a young orphan named Philip Pirrip, known as Pip. The novel has been set in the Kent Marshes. Pip lives with his shrewish sister and her husband, the simply, kindly, blacksmith Joe Gargery. Chapter one of this novel opens in the country churchyard where Pip is terrified by the appearance of Magwitch, an escaped prison convict who threatens him with awful vengeance unless some food and file for his fetters are obtained smartly. Pip manages to hide some of his own supper, steals more food from the pantry, and after an encounter with a different younger convict, he finds the original one and leaves him filing off his irons. The setting of ‘Great Expectations’ is in the Kent Marshes. Pips first meeting with Magwitch was in the nearby churchyard. â€Å"At such a time I found out for certain, that this bleak place overgrown with nettles was the churchyard†. Dickens uses the adjective ‘bleak’ which also means ‘bare’ and ‘dreary’ this suggests that the churchyard is a place that doesn’t get many visitors. Also ‘overgrown with nettles’ implies to us that the churchyard isn’t cared for, it contains sharp and unpleasant plants which doesn’t attract visitors. Therefore, we can understand why Magwitch chose to hideout at the churchyard, it is a good place for a convict to hide. Dickens also uses the adjective ‘raw’ which also supports the idea of an unattractive churchyard. The synonyms for the word raw are chilly and damp; these two words strongly describe the churchyard as an isolated area. ‘Raw’ is a harsh and cold word. The reader may also consider the churchyard as a boring and timid place because dickens has used ‘low leaden line of river’. This describes the river as a heavy, dark and foreboding line cutting across the churchyard. Dickens has deliberately described the churchyard as a boring place with these negative adjectives in order to make the reader believe that it has no visitors. Once again this implies that the churchyard is a good hideout for Magwitch. By now, it is noticeable that the setting in ‘Great Expectations’ reflects Magwitch’s character because Dickens also describes the churchyard ‘with scattered cattle’ which suggests an unpleasant place that is not taken care of very much. The term ‘savage lair from which the wind was rushing’ is a metaphor which is an implicit comparison. It is the application of a word or phrase to somebody or something that is not meant literally, but to make a comparison. The same way, this metaphor brings the wind out to life and impersonates it as a wild animal by using the noun ‘lair’. A ‘lair’ is a den or hiding place where predators would hide from preys, this relates back to Magwitch whom is hiding just like a predator and preys out to poor little orphan Pip. Dickens creates a negative impression of Magwitch by the way he describes him because he uses terms such as ‘A man’. Straight away this puts a mysterious thought to the readers mind. At this point the reader is busy building up an image of Magwitch in their minds. Dickens also describes Magwitch in ‘coarse grey’ uniform, this gives the reader a full image in their minds of Magwitch as a prison convict, which builds up the negative impression. The adjective ‘coarse’ is a synonym for ‘rough’ and ‘harsh’ which allows the reader to consider Magwitch as an untidy and messy person. In order to make it sound more obvious that Magwitch is an escaped convict Dickens uses terms such as ‘iron on legs’. This suggests to us that Magwitch has shackles on his legs which bring the reader to certainty that Magwitch is an escaped convict. He is a bad man; Dickens has also mentioned that Magwitch is not wearing a hat. This implies that Magwitch is no gentleman, he is not well bred and he doesn’t have a decent background. Dickens describes Magwitch through a list of injuries he faces. ‘soaked in water’, ‘smothered in mud’, ‘lamed by stones’, ‘cut by flints’, ‘stung by nettles’ and ‘torn by briars’. Dickens has listed all these injuries to show how Magwitch has been through a lot. He has travelled tough which suggests that he was very determined to get out of prison. It also suggests that Magwitch is a strong and fearful man who is able to resist a lot, he is a frightening man. â€Å"Old rag tied around his head†. From this we can understand that Magwitch is trying to hide his injury or as a disguise. We can understand that Dickens has done a clever job with creating a negative impression of Magwitch. Dickens has deliberately used the name Magwitch which also creates a negative impression because it contains the word ‘witch’. This symbolises ‘evil’ and ‘fear’. Dickens has used exclamation marks to illustrate shouting. â€Å"Tell us your name! Said the man†. From this technique we can understand that Magwitch was a very temperamental and violent man. â€Å"Pint out the place†, this suggests that his accent is also different. Dialect has been used which is when a characters speech is often grammatically incorrect. In Magwitch’s case, his use of dialect suggests to us that he has lack of education. We can understand that he may have been on the prison ship for a long time. Magwitch is also very violent as he speaks. He threatens Pip in a way to show readers that he is the villain of this novel. Also, we can realise that Dickens has made Magwitch’s speech short with shuddering sentences. This implies that Magwitch is afraid of being caught; he is shortening his sentence to hurry up the conversation and get back into hiding. Dickens has also used imperatives, â€Å"You get me a file†. Imperatives are performed by a character to give orders; they are used to express a command or request. Magwitch has used his power advantage. Dickens has also used strong language which reflects Magwitch’s character once again, ‘uncouth and coarse’. Magwitch’s actions are very violent and threatening. While threatening little Pip he tends to keep looking over his shoulder. This implies that he is nervous and afraid of getting caught. The violence side of Magwitch is exposed when he turns Pip upside down and shakes him. By now, the reader is afraid of Magwitch, and he is definitely the villain of this novel. However, the reader may also feel pity for Magwitch from the way he limps and shivers. This explains how Dickens was able to create two sides of the character Magwitch, this way the reader is able to feel some sympathy but, they are also afraid of him because he is a criminal and he is relying on the help of a child. Magwitch tries to be evil, but between that he shows his vulnerable side. Dickens uses adjectives such as ‘ravenously’. The purpose of this is to give the reader an image of a wild animal in their minds. Dickens is comparing Magwitch with a wild animal to once again remind the reader that Magwitch is uneducated and deprived. Magwitch used his gaze to overpower Pip. This suggests that Dickens was able to write in a way to show who’s in power. Also, Magwitch tilts Pip over a grave to frighten him and show power. However, we can understand from the novel that Magwitch is also afraid of the graves as he creeps over them.

Differences between massachusetts and virginia 1607 and 1750 Essay

Both the economics and politics greatly differed between Massachusetts and Virginia between 1607 and 1750. The differences in the percentage of classes were unbelievably large and their entire economic structure differed from each other. Virginia had more risky culture and economics where-as Massachusetts had a more stable economy. The economy of Virginia was based solely on the production of tobacco. The plantation owners had to buy slaves to work the fields so the slave trade industry in Virginia was also a huge factor. The plantation owners were in the very rich, elite category and pretty much ran the politics. Virginia had a ridiculously small middle class and they barely had any say in the elections. The poor classes of Virginia were about 80%of the population and were not even allowed to vote. This made the state/colony of Virginia a very un-democratic and un-representative. There was very little cash flow in Virginia because the elite plantation owners flaunted their wealth as a display of power. This was necessary because this display of power kept the slaves and poor people of the community from revolting. The economy of Virginia was very fragile and brittle. All it would have taken was one drought or one bad tobacco year and Virginia would have been severely hurt economically. The Northern colonies, especially Massachusetts, were much more stable. There was a larger middle class of 65% and there was much more representation in politics in Massachusetts. The economy was much more stable because it didn’t only rely on one form of income. Because there were many harbors in Massachusetts there were more towns which led to the need of new professions. There included Blacksmiths, Clothing makers, Merchants, and sailors. There was also much more cash flow in Massachusetts because there was no need to flaunt wealth and a much larger middle class. Another reason for the greater amounts of cash flow was that the people that lived in Massachusetts were mostly Puritan. The Puritans believed that you should not show your wealth because it was temptation and temptation was a sin. The Puritans were extremely hard-working and that is one of the main reasons the Northern colonies were so successful. The Northern colonies and the Southern colonies differed in many ways but both succeeded in the long run. They may have had different views and completely different economies but both sides will play their own part in the revolution and eventually become one country. The Untied States of America.

Jacob Kounin Essay

Who Is Jacob Kounin? * Jacob Kounin is a classroom behaviorist theorist. He first started as a psychologist at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan. * He is best known for two studies he did in 1970 that was based on classroom management. * He began his studies in 1970 by writing Discipline and Group Management in Classrooms. He wrote the book to discuss the effective and ineffective behaviors in the classroom. The process began by observing teachers in an everyday classroom setting to see how they handled misbehaving. He found that no matter how the teacher’s handled the given situation, the outcome was always the same. His conclusion was basically to prevent misbehavior before it even happens. This brought on his idea of having main points to follow to have successful classroom management. Ripple Effect * The ripple effect came about while Kounin was teaching during Mental Hygiene class. A student of his was in the back reading a newspaper. The paper was completely open and covering the student’s face. Kounin asked the student to put the paper away and follow along. This brought on other students to follow the same directions. Therefore, if you â€Å"call out† one student in front of the class, it will cause other students to get refocused. â€Å"Withitness† * Withitness is not a teachable concept. This is basically a natural instinct in education. Being â€Å"with it† involves many concepts. Teachers have to constantly knowing what is going on in their classroom at all times. There are many ways to maintain â€Å"withitness† is being alert, circulating the classroom, asking numerous questions, redirecting students and knowing students on a personal level. Overlapping * Overlapping is basically a teacher’s way of multi-tasking. Teachers should constantly keep their students focused and engaged in the learning taking place. This key point ties back to having â€Å"Withitness†. Momentum * A teacher that has a manageable classroom must have momentum. In the classroom, there are unexpected changes that may occur that were not planned for. A teacher has to be able to maintain control of his or her classroom during these unplanned events and just â€Å"Roll with the punches†. Momentum occurs when students are involved and interested in the learning that is taking place. Momentum is also a learning tool for teachers. After completing a lesson and the students are just not getting it, the teacher can reevaluate how he or she wrote it. Smoothness * Smoothness basically boils down to having daily routines and procedures. If you explain to students what you expect out of them at the beginning of the year, your classroom will run a lot smoother. Smoothness can occur in a classroom starting with morning routines, to transitioning lessons to even how students ask to get out of their seat by using signals with their hands. If a teacher has a structured classroom, it can also run smoother throughout the day. Group Alerting * This is a way to keep all students’ attention and behavior on task. There are several strategies teachers can go about using group alerting. Some examples of group alerts may be completed with the help of students by using songs, the clap system and sayings, while others can be used solely by the teacher. For example, calling on students at random by asking a question only after scanning the room to make sure students are paying attention. Advantages –vs. – Disadvantages of Kounin’s Theory * Advantages * Promotes learning in not only regular education students, but also with special education students * Effective ways to manage a classroom * Shows respect for all students * Helps prevent discipline problems * Disadvantages * Does not address behavior problems * Teachers wanted effective strategies to stopping misbehavior quickly and they did not find it in Kounin’s work. Work Cited Charles, C.M. Building Classroom Discipline. 10th. N.A.: Pearson, 2011. 66-68. Print. â€Å"Discipline Theorist.† n. page. Web. 3 Feb. 2013. http://www.elearnportal.com/courses/education/classroom-management-and-discipline/classroom-management-and-discipline-discipline-theorists. Evertson, C.M, and E.T. Emmer. Classroom Management for Elementary Teachers. 8th. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2009. 108-112. Print. Gulliver, L. â€Å"Jacob Kounin.† 01/2011. Web. 3 Feb. 2013. http://lynneg.edu.glogster.com/lynne-gullivers-jacob-kounin-glog/