Economic growth and economic development Essay

Like the infrastructure development, improvement of levelheaded mechanism Can now be regarded as the most important precondition for sustainable Growth, a stronger economy, and pro-people dodge of disposal, Writes M S Siddiquistinting development generally refers to sustained and concerted actions, interpreted by the policy-makers and communities, which promote the standard of living and economic health of a specific area. Economic development can also refer to as creation quantitative and qualitative changes in the economy. Such actions might involve multiple areas including development of homo capital, critical infrastructure, regional competitiveness, environmental sustainability, social inclusion, health, safety, literacy, and other initiatives.Economic development differs from economic growth. Whereas economic development is a policy intervention endeavour with aims of economic and social well-being of the people, economic growth is a phenomenon of market place productivit y and rise in GDP (gross domestic product). According to Amartya Sen, economic growth is one aspect of the process of economic development.Despite the good capital punishment of Bangladesh in terms of many growth indices, it has been lagging behind in building a necessary infrastructure for achieving goals for the country to be treated as a middle-income one.Economic semipolitical science embraces all macroeconomic, microeconomic and fiscal policies, public economic agencies, regulatory bodies, company laws and legal institutions connected with economic things.Good governance means an efficient, open, accountable and audited public service, which has the bureaucratic competence to help design and implement appropriate public policies and, at the same time, an independent judicial system to uphold the law. Good governance is a system of governance that is able to unambiguously identify the basic values of alliance, where values are economic, political and socio-cultural issues i ncluding human rights, and pursue these values through an accountable and honest administration. It is obvious that good governance is a must for the development and growth of a nation.Good governance generally implies a number of institutions, which regulate the behaviour of public bodies, stimulate citizens participation in government and control public- secret relations. Governance is government plus the private and third (not for profit) sectors.In the 1992 report titled Governance and Development, the World Bank gave its definition of good governance. Good governance is defined as the way in which power is exercised in the management of a countrys economic and social resources for development.In an October 1995 policy paper called Governance hygienic Development Management, the ADB outlined its policy on this topic. Further, in a separate opinion issued by the ADB General Council, it was explained that governance has at least deuce dimensions(a) political (e.g., democracy, hu man rights) and(b) economic (e.g., efficient management of public resources).The United Nations Development Programmes (UNDP) definition of good governance is spelled out in a 1997 UNDP policy document titled Governance for Sustainable Human Development. The document states that governance canbe seen as the exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a countrys affairs at all levels. The key elements of good governance as defined by UNDP are listed belowParticipation Participation by both men and women is a key cornerstone of good governance. All men and women should charter a voice in decision making either directly or through legitimate intermediate institutions that represent their interests.Rule of law Legal frameworks should be fair and enforced impartially, particularly the laws on human rights.Transparency Transparency is built on the free flow of information. Processes, institutions and information are directly sociable to those concerned through it, and enough information is provided to understand and monitor them.Responsiveness Good governance requires that institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders within a sensible timeframe.Consensus orientation There are several actors and as many viewpoints in a given society. Good governance requires mediation of different interests in society to reach a broad consensus on what is in the best interest of the whole community and how this can be achieved.Equity All men and women have opportunities to improve or maintain their well-being.Effectiveness and efficiency Good governance means that processes and institutions produce results that meet the needs of society, while making the best single-valued function of resources at their disposal.Strategic vision Leaders and the public have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance and human development, along with a sense of what is needed for such development. There is also an understanding of thehistorical, cult ural and social complexities, in which that perspective is grounded.The rule of law as gauged by the responses to efficient functioning of judiciary indicates that most low and middle-income countries rate it as a much higher obstacle than their high-income counterparts. The aggregate average of street crime, nonionic crime, and corruption are all higher in these countries than in the developed world. There are many problems that come up as barriers to good governance. To interpret sound local development, action should be taken to work towards achieving good governance.The legal policy regime of a country provides base to the potential immaterial Direct Investment (FDI). Unequivocal, neutral legal framework and better protection of property rights can lead to higher FDI.The legal and regulatory environment does matter for financial development. Countries with legal and regulatory systems that give a high priority to creditors receive the full value of their claims on cooperation , have better- functioning financial intermediaries than countries where the legal system provides much weaker support to creditors.Bangladesh is the seventh largest country in the world in terms of its population and now it is treated as N-11 after the BRICS countries. However, without work out in legal arenas, such as making suitable laws and their appropriate execution, speedy resolution of all corporate and financial disputes, and quick and transparent permute of properties, some vital sectors of Bangladeshi economy may suffer irreparable loses. Like the infrastructural development, improvement of legal mechanism can now be regarded as the most important precondition for sustainable growth, a stronger economy, and pro-people system of governance.The writer is pursuing PhD at the Open University, Malaysia. shahbanglachemical.com