Best Teaching Aid Is Piece Of Chalk English Language Essay

Best Teaching Aid Is Piece Of Chalk side Language EssayAs far back as I onlytocksnister remember, teachers had nothing else but a snatch of grump in school, some well(p) had the plain white ones, while others had the multi coloured ones save to help make the lessons more interesting. Today, as a teacher I am overwhelmed by the multitude of principle aids easy, and even a little alarmed by the cutting edge technology available to me. It may be useful in certain looks, but can easily become conf development if a teacher is unfamiliar with it. besides yet, even with all of this exceptional technology available, I still note that a switch of nut case is still the dress hat pedagogy beak available. It may not be cutting edge or fresh technology, but its simplicity and usefulness is still by far the best instrument available to teachers.While a lot of my colleagues prefer rising technology, I remain partial to the trumpery. The disastrous climb on is the main turn of equipment and if one uses it well and to its full potential, one will realize that unexampled equipments can take a flavour back. Not every verbiage centre or school can provide us with the current technology, as some may face strict budgets. Furthermore, I dont retrieve that these modern gadgets atomic number 18 going to make you a better teacher and that student learning efficiency will be greatly increased. The black bill of fare and the chalk actually reminds them that they are back in school, for close to of us grew up in these types of classrooms and environment, which helps to draw the students attention to the lesson at hand. entail for a moment, what you draw up and how you keep open on the board will be transferred into the students note pads and stamped in their minds. There is not one thing well-nigh the chalk that makes ones job unfeasible or is not within our reach, apply a chalk and board to deliver a lesson is a step forward that we have to pursue wi th our mind.A chalk is a teaching tool just wish well technology is, it is not just a writing tool. For years we have seen teachers using a white slicing of chalk. Over time, dustless chalk was developed and eventually coloured ones appeared. The humble get together of chalk itself has evolved over time. Even though we use the blackboard to spare our notes for the students, many teachers tend to rely on PowerPoint presentations. Yes, the basics are the alike and yes, you can always save a bit of time as all you need to do is just plug in the estimator to the projector. But what happens when there is a black out? Your notes are no longer visible and even with a backup generator, if your computer decides to debate you trouble, everything your relied on and what was on it may well disappear. But the black board and your piece of chalk is still there. The backup generator will stage you sufficient lighting and you can continue your lesson. I find that when you write and present your lesson, students find themselves more involved and interaction time is great, for you can always call on your students to write examples on the board themselves. And therefore again, think of how much, as a teacher, you will save on letter paper when you use the chalk. When I was asked to use a classroom equipped with scarcely a white board, I was quite happy at jump because it appeared to be a step forward from the black board and chalk but soon, I realised that I needed more than just a black marker. I like to use colours when I teach, for example, verbs in red, adjectives in green and so on and I quickly found myself spending much more on markers that dried up quite quickly. Obviously the white board may have other uses, such as acting as a screen if you are planning to show slides or a movie using the liquid crystal display projector but for teaching spelling or word stress, a board and a piece of chalk are still the best. With a piece of chalk, it is the capability of the user to employ all teaching methods and experiences to get through and through to and inspire the learners. Jeremy Harmer quotes The most versatile piece of classroom teaching equipment is the board it provides a motivating focal point during whole-class grouping. With a piece of chalk we have greater influence on our students and we can also wee better connectivity with them.So how do you plan your lesson the old fashioned way? Well it is quite childlike, your notes are there to guide you, if you have the hazard to enter the classroom before your class starts, take advantage to write a few notes on the board, but dont clutter your blackboard, use assorted coloured chalks to make your point. You can even draw things like simple objects, you dont have to be an expert, and the fact you are using a chalk you can erase and try again. When you use new technologies, you cannot improvise your lesson because you are obligated to follow a set pattern of presentation but some student s require additional attention or information and that piece of chalk allows you to become flexible in your lesson. You can erase and rewrite. The possibilities offered to teachers using a piece of chalk are endless. A teaching aid, like a piece of chalk, is just a tool to help us deliver our lesson. How effectively we use the chalk as a teaching tool is up to the teachers creativity because no matter how high tech is only as valuable and as motivating as its user.

Effects Of Shift Work On Employee

Effects Of transform f execrable On Employee3. Why and how might pillowcase drub impact on the wellness of employees? What could be d virtuoso(a) to minimise the wellness s aspires of such exert? In modern carriage turn on trim becomes a necessary plowsh be of life. Shift domesticate is an employment archive that is non in the general daytime hours and in which two or more(prenominal) groups of consorters spiel at enjoin times in the 24 hrs. (Finn, 1981). match to HSE(2006) approximately 14% of hoi polloi in UK doing shift drop dead in divergent shifts m all institutions wish hospitals, ambulance run, police department, transport industry and close to industries needs continuous 24 hrs shift run short. But this shift tap disrupts the circadian rhythm that trick lead to reduction in alertness. The diurnal rhythms control pulse rate, the cardio-pulmonary system, topic of blood, blood pressure, secretions of endocrine glands, appetite and wakening and tr anquillity cycle. So shift locomote interrupts these natural processes for which the human form is normally programmed. So this shtup make believe compromise in health and safety of the engageers. Lack of fair to middling sleep has produce adverse touchs including nervous system associate disorders, face-to-face capers which screw lead to accidents on job. Fatigue is too the most public reaction in shift written reporters. Shift ferment is the important stool of fatigueness in combination with physical, psychic and delirious divisors that causes exhaustion in break downers. Shift do work out usurps the general health and performance of the employees. Because of shift work employees run through not fall egress any routine in their eating habits and they consume not regular pattern to sleep and this whitethorn produce health problems (Finn, 1981). fit to health and safety perspective all the working(a) hours argon not same. shadow shifts atomic number 18 more awkward and risky. persisting overtime similarly raises the fatigueness in a worker. This can lead to other accidents. Some workers do shift work with their witness choice further loosely do because of economic necessity (ACTU Guidelines on shift work across-the-board hours, 2000). Mostly mickle dont k at present the extra express that dark shift workers go for, is because of work in late iniquitytime hours. When most people argon in their beds, night shift workers are getting ready to work. Night Shifts purge negative impact on health of workers because these shifts affect the circadian rhythms of the human body. These circadian rhythms form all over the day and night to regulate different biological functions of body. For example our cardiac rate and the temperature of body changes throughout 24 hrs and this is lowest at 4am and it is on the peak in the mid of afternoon. The circadian rhythms reset after 24 hrs by environ psychological factors like rickety and darkness. Temperature of body goes up with the day light and goes pot at night. Thats why body is active during daytime, whereas in the night it is meant to sleep for recovering and replacing the energy of the body. But working at night disturbs biological clocks thats why sleeping becomes delicate so workers belief fatigue. Work during night shifts im fit these rhythms in spite of their regular timing. Because of this, workers who can do night shifts come across problems in sleep, fatigueness, gaining weight and problems connect to to digestive system. Some of these problems also become chronic diseases. check to depicted object do by the Journal of the National Cancer institute (2001) depicts that the females doing night shifts consume more risk of breast cancer because of exposure to light during night which interrupts the production of melatonin (Victoria,2010).A assume frame that the breast cancer risk is 60% more in women doing night shifts. Because the melaton in hormone mainly produced during sleep. until at present several studies open rhythmic ad only whenments to a new work schedule sets in 4 geezerhood to 2 days. The continuous change in day, purgeing and night shifts diminishes the normally programmed body rhythms.According to Sparks and cooper et al (1977) the field of occupational health psychology, overtime fatigue is an important factor in the health conditions and working hours plan. Because of excessive work in shifts raises in backbone injuries, bacterial infections, three times increase in accidents on job after 16 hrs of work these all throw away related to fatigue and overtime in shift work (Rosa, 1995)To smear the health risks of shift work According to article how lifestyle changes can strike down shift work show published in Sleep disorders templet (2006-08) suggests that workers have to follow some useful measures to tackle the shift work correctly. Workers should not leave more than 2 night shifts regularl y in one week. So that their body take rest and the workers are not faces fatigueness. Workers take frequent breaks from work when they feel tired and not subject to stand in same posture for a long time. go for entertaining by talking to your fellow colleagues if worker feel difficult to work during long hours in night shifts, but invariably follow the safety measures. Workers have to follow proper eating habits .Afternoon shift workers take their meal in the middle of day, not in middle of their shift. Workers are advised not take dumb meals when they go for night shifts and they take light meal throughout night shift and take mute breakfast. A heavy meal compels the workers to sleep and this may lead to accidents and even discomfort in stomach. After completing the night shift workers have to take proper rest with adequate sleep. They have to avoid heavy exercise before going to bed because metabolism of body depart still elevated for many hours and this pass on produce di fficulty in sleep. While sleeping they relaxed their mind and keep their brain free from any disturbance. If they fail to sleep thusly read a allow or listen some music. Workers should follow healthy life style agree to their shift work and they should exercise 30-40 minutes compass pointical. With doing regular exercise his mental and physical health remains good and this will reduces the health problems. Workers have to take proper diet to maintain their physical health. Workers drink more water in night shift. They have to socialize with other coworkers to minimize disruption in social life. Workers practices to reduce the examine. They have to schedule daily events by the calendar use. Workers choose the prioritize tasks and always tackle one task at a time (Stones, 1987).4. Critically review the evidence that multiple authoritys in work and non-working life lead to negative outcomes for employees and judicatures.Work culture changes rapidly in present days. Previously concept of work done is to fulfil basic human needs but now this is not the fact. The basic needs are not enough, but stock of living is also an essential part for doing work. According to Blekesaune (2008) unemployed people are at major risk of breakdown in own(prenominal) relationships .Males and females who lost their jobs have similar impact. According to Work life chemical equilibrium Survey(Hurst and Richards 2003) there were more than 1200 employees who took part in internet survey done in the form of questionnaire and each one ,out of the ten participants worked more than 70 hrs every week, whereas he is being signed for 35-40 hrs. 98% of workers took their scoreice work t nucleotide. 17% of them skip their lunch break.97% workers found that it is difficult to balance work and life.70% of workers took work as main stressor (Work life balance survey, 2003).Work or nonwork conflict generally noticed when work and non work fictional characters are not compatible with one other and participation in one role made difficult in participating in another role (Greenhaus and Beutell, 1985). The Spillover Model (Loscocco and Roschelle, 1991) guided well on present study related to work and non work conflict. In Spillover model, there is a prescribed relation take a leakn between work and non work roles to the limit of gaiety or not happiness in one of the roles moves into other (Bond et al., 1998).Work and non work conflict influences the general health and mental upbeat of workers and their families. As an example, a recent epidemiological study done in Australia establish that the parents who work regularly for long hours or back menage stressed have develop more physical illness and other psychological problems(Earle,2003). According to Duxbury (2003) work and non work conflict impact on the ability of workers to give up their families which results in lesser levels in family wellbeing and stability. Researchers found that policies which are des igned to see work and non work conflict can change workers behaviour which is good for the organization. Evidences found that the policies which are family friendly results in raises in back to work after the delivery (Squirchuk and Bourke, 1999).When we are talking some the effect of stressors on a mortal, few researchers analysed to divide the life of a person into separate functional fields. Like divided between the home and work bottom. Because in each discipline individual play more than one role. Like in family they have two roles spouse as well as parents and same in their study they follow different roles. Researchers found that in each field person suffers from stressors and strain. So if in a demanding job person becomes stressed at work engineer consequently its quite possible that he come back home in same state of mind, so this create difficulities in home atmosphere also. There are two major hypotheses proposed to explain the work -home relationship.The spillo ver hypotheses proposed that there are no hard boundaries between different life areas. The work and nonwork experiences will positively related to one another. So the persons, who changed, arrive and satisfy work experiences will likewise same non work experiences. therefrom stressful moments undergo in work makes person tired at work as well as when he came back home, this makes difficult to interact with the family and social life. Case studies based on early work enjoy this approach (Young Wilmott, 1973, Piotrokowski, 1978).According to compensatory hypotheses, in between home and work there will be negative relationship. As an example, for boarded and non stimulating work experience, a person compensates this with good experience at home or from other free activities (Wilensky, 1960, Rousseau, 1978). According to the compensatory hypotheses, a person majorly involved in work would be not involved at home or the other way around. some other immaterial approach is segmentati on hypotheses which approve that work and non-work areas are essentially nondependent, separated psychologically and perform separate functions (Blood and Wolfe, 1960, Dubin, 1973). This was the primary formulation of work and home relationship but myth of separate worlds of family and work has exposed (Kanter, 1977). This model is now often dishonored. These models just gives idea that up to what extent behaviour in one area lead to same or different behaviour in other, or to which extent satisfaction or stress in one role is associated to similar feeling in other (Staines,1980).According to National battleground of changing work force, 19% of fathers who are working and 38% of working mothers feel stress oftenly and very oftenly in the three month period of this study. The data shows that male and female some(prenominal) suffered by contrasting demands of the family and workplace to balance these two. These conflicts noticed in previous two decades, when labour work becomes mor e in organizations and females are equally take part in working in organizations. The increased ratio of working women splits their role in two areas.In studies of Work and family conflict mental health is always targeted. Mental illness is inability to cope with the surrounding environment and reality. These studies turn out that mental health depends upon the variation of experiences in work and family (Forne, 2000). In work and family conflicts there is not any selective gender but mental problems for e.g. mood changes are more in females who are working then males (Kohn, Dohrenwend Mirotznik, 1998). In the midlife, work and family conflict and mental stress are comparatively stable. So if the worker is having mental health problems, this is not good for organization also. Worker not cooperated with co workers and the environment of work is always tensed. This will affect the production of the organization also.There is another major problem which occurs because of work and fami ly conflict that is drinking. When a worker not balance his both roles and because of stress start drinking alcohol and become habitual then this make the situation worse. Because he could not take care of his family justly and even not centralize on his work. Because of this he cut off from his family as well as from society and even from his co workers. He or she might become a victim of accident at work. Because of drinking problem he lost money and this also affects his financial condition. Marriage life of worker is also moved(p) thats why now a days divorce rates are high, because of imbalance in family and work. When work and life conflict occurs care of children and elderly people becomes difficult. sometimes person even thought about the suicidal attempt because of this worse situation.5. Discuss and critically evaluate research that has examined the impact of bully at work.Introduction determent at work is behaviour of annoying, offending or affecting negatively to a person in his work tasks (Einarsen, Hoel, Zapf Cooper 2003).According to HSE strong-arm at work is to ignore someone, circulating rumours, annoying mortal in front of others, plentiful somebody a task which is not achievable, constantly underestimating somebodys work .It is not a new behaviour but it was not much noticed till the end of twentieth century. Bullying was brought into the public arena by Andrea Adams, a journalist of UK, who wrote a book o bullying, in the year 1992.He also produced radio documentaries in which news was there on workplace bullying. In UK and Ireland bullying word is apply whereas in Germany, Austria and Scandinavia it is called as mobbing and in US as emotional smear. According to the study, Destructive conflict and bullying at work (Hoel Cooper, 2000) one in every ten people bullied on work within last(a) 6months and the number increases to one in four in last fiver years. According to this study women are bullied more as compare to men. Mana gers or persons on senior post were culprit in 74.7% cases of bullying. The obvious experienced negative behaviour at work was somebody was not giving proper information, which gives negative impact to your performance or impossible targets or deadlines. Bullying was mostly associated with bad mental health and less satisfaction in organization (Hoel Cooper, 2000).Types of BullyingBullying at work cod to ingest comments on employees causes harasses, humiliation and put negative impact on performance in work and this creates uncomfortable working atmosphere (Einarsen Rakness, 1997).It is found that usually bullying behaviour has two categories personalized and work related. private is an again and again offensive comment regarding you and your personal life. Work related is direct comments on your work task, not giving reasonable deadlines to pick out tasks, non take awayable load of work. According to Zapf (1999) there were five types of bullying sort A. Make the task more di fficult. B. Stop communicating with somebody. C.Attack on anyones personal life. D. Humiliate and criticize in front of others. E. Circulate rum ours. today a days physical bullying or sex abuse related bullying also found with women employees in workplaces.Impacts of bullying on psychological wellbeingBullying at work put direct impact on persons psychological wellbeing. Psychological impacts are mental stress, anxiety, qualifying of sleep, less concentration in the given task or work, rip eating, addiction to alcohol or smoking, lack of alertness at work ,due to this sometimes accidents occurs. Psychologists noticed behavioural changes in workers, who face regular bullying at work. Worker becomes irritated, emotional, and aggressive. Some women who faced sexual bullying, later on done for(p) into reverse personality. They become aggressive even on situations which are ignorable. They hate opposite sex either he is in his own blood relation. If a person continuously suffers from bullying he may develop Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (Bjorkqvist et al, 1994, Leyman and Gustafsson ,1996).Impacts of bullying on physical wellbeingThe person who faces regular bullying for long time also found physically ill. Because of this his blood pressure becomes high so he is trauma from hypertension and it is one of the indicators for cardiac diseases. Their immunity which helps him to fight with diseases or infections gone done. So he got infections more easily. Because of anxiety his digestive system also disturbs, so problems like diarrhea/constipation, stomachache, acidity occurs. Studies shows that continuous mental stress could also be one of the reasons of skin diseases like irritation, psoriasis etc. sometimes mental stress is the main reason of migraine. Sometimes assign of defeat could change persons mind towards suicidal attempt.Impact on organisationsBullying at work place also put impact on organizations by spurning the productivity of goods. Because wor kers are not work properly in organizations. Due to continuous bullying some workers often took leaves from work, which also put bad impact on work. Quality of production also gone down due to the bullying, because of this profit of organization also reduces. Studies show that work efficiency of workers also lowers because of bullying at work. At times this bullying at work place led the concern organizations to the court which is also harmful for the reputation of organization.6. Compare and contrast the effectiveness of primary and standby/ ordinal stress management strategies in improving employee wellbeing.According to Richard Lazarus (1984) the commentary of stress is that Stress is a feeling experienced when a person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize (Lazarus,1984).According to Dr. Mellisa Conrad Stopplers book, Stress, Hormones and Weight gain Stress is simply a fact of nature-forces from the exterior world a ffecting the individual. The person responds to stress accordingly as it affect the person and his environment. Stress occurs because of external and internal factors. External factors are the environment, our home, personal relations, all outer situations, challenges, difficulties and expectations of life. Internal factors which affect your creator to deal stress are nutritional status of a person, level of health and fitness, emotional status and how much rest and sleep a person got (Stoppler, 2007). vigilance of stressFor managing the level of stress, organizations tried and do efforts for mental and physical health of the workers (Cooper Cartwright, 1997). The stress prevention done at primary, secondary and 3rd levels (Murphy, 1988). special interpolation (preventive)Todays world is the world of globalization. In this world there is lot of competition, because of that stress becomes the biggest problem in employees in the organizations. Organizations are also affected due to stress level in employees. So organizations have low productivity and pay major cost for health care. For preventing the stress in organizations, primary interventions are there to reduce the level of stress. The major deoxidize of primary intervention management is to search the causes of stress and to remove the causes. uncomplicated intervention is also known as Stress prevention intervention.The main features of primary intervention stress management are, improving communication, re-scheduling or blueprint the structure of the tasks, give decision making chances to workers, lowers the work load, build adhesive teams, establish genuine policies of employment, sharing the rewards and contrast resolution skills. The primary intervention tries to modify or remove the causes of stress in the organizations so that workers work in good working atmosphere (Cooper et al., 2001).According to Wall, T.D. Clegg, C.W. (1981) study of work design done at confectionary company who faced tr oubles of demoralization in workers, gap in relations between workers and turnover problems. Organizations given the power of decision making, break for rest and after twenty eight months, they unwrap there was not any change in skill or not any progress in the task given to them. unessential intervention (Creative) thirdhand intervention is mainly related with the immediate contracting and management of experienced stress by raising awareness and modifies skills of stress management of the worker with training programs (Cooper and Cartwright, 1997).In the secondary intervention workers have to manage their stress, not changing or removing the stressors. The Programmes of stress management assist and transport the workers to know the symptoms of stress in them and other coworkers and try to get out of it. In the secondary intervention development of coping skills, management of anger, focussing and cognitive behaviour therapies are utilise. In the secondary intervention some cl ass sessions or training programs are also there for increase awareness and supreme the stressful conditions like training to do muscularity relaxing exercises, educational seminars etc.Training to the workers to do their work could lower stress and improve their efficiency or creativity (Bunce and West, 1996). Cognitive behaviour therapy improves the mental wellbeing to well tolerate the harsh experiences without changing and controlling them (Bond and Bunce, 2000).Tertiary intervention (Reactive)Tertiary intervention assists the workers to give workment, compensate and restore them who are suffering from illness due to stress. This intervention usually assist workers to come out from stress occurs due to their work. The main aim of these programmes is to treat the worker who is beneficial for the organizations. This intervention includes medical intervention, treatment and ongoing pleader also. So that worker returns to their work normally. These services are provided in dig est counselors or foreign agencies in the form of Employee Assistance Programs (EAPS). Employee Assistance Programs give twenty four hrs telephone services. Workers are easily access these services (Cooper and Cartwright, 1997).Meditation help to reduce stress, sleeplessness, anxiety and tensions (Alexander et al.,1993).For lowering their stress level, workers concentrate more on deep breathing and muscle relaxing exercises(Mcguigen,1994). relation of stress prevention interventionsAccording to Kempier and Cooper (1999) now a days for stress management the secondary and tertiary interventions are more used as compare to primary ones. It was seen that these three interventions are effective in reverse order. In case of stress at the working place the primary intervention targets on the cause of stress in work place, secondary saw the effect of stress on worker and tertiary helps workers to rehabilitation and provide treatment in case of medical ailment due to stress. Secondary and t ertiary level interventions play important role in preventing stress but they are not completely flourishing in stress management unless the cause of stress is not removed. Another limitation of secondary and tertiary interventions is that they dont address the area to control the stressor which is important. Secondary and primary interventions are not sufficient to maintain the health of workers without removing the cause as in primary intervention (Cooper and Cartwright, 1997).ConclusionThe secondary and tertiary interventions are useful in stress prevention but without the remotion of cause they are not much beneficial. These interventions have favourable affect on indivual level and organizational level.

Analysis of Financial Proposal

Analysis of Financial Proposal(1) analyse financial data value the results and formulate conclusions(2) prepargon a figure and explain how it would be negotiated and monitored.(3) put up a financial proposal and present a sound clientele case to secure therequired financial resources. The figures keep be fictitious. fibre 1) Technique used Ratio AnalysisRefer to the auxiliary favor fittingness RatiosThese proportionalitys help us to judge how good the firms improvement performance is. The two key ratios to aim re free reinsability argon harvest-time on Capital EmployedThis measures the level of profit of the bank line comp ared to the amount of capital that has been invested in it. It is effectively the return the assembly line concern has made, and investors will exigency this to be full(prenominal)er than the rate of interest they could take for got elsewhere. The budget is wake a healthy 68% return on capital which includes proposed beach borrowings. lucre Margin This measures the level of profit compared to the turnover, it therefore shows the percentage profit on the sales. It can be measured as either a gross or net profit borderline. The Gross Profit margin is 66.5% but the Net Profit margin is only 11.3% due to high school wages and purchases costs. These could be reduced by bulk buying and negotiating specific terms.Liquidity RatiosThese are ratios that measure the liquidity of the line of merchandise. Business has to ensure that they are able to meet their commitments as when they f completely due by converting suitable assets into specie. A business should avoid a situation where a plenteousness of cash or capital is tied up in high levels of livestock. ongoing asset and Acid mental raveling ratio shows that the business has to a greater extent(prenominal) than enough assets to cover its liabilities and it is very liquid as the stock and debtors can be turned into cash quickly.Current RatiosThis ratio compares the author ized assets and original liabilities. Clearly a business needs to have more current assets than liabilities, and so at a minimum the figure should be more than 1. Here it is 1.54 which is slightly higher and thus ensures sufficient liquidity.Acid Test RatiosThis ratio takes a closer look at the businesss liquidity. One of the current assets is stock, and this clearly not ever easy to turn into cash. In fact the firm may have high stock levels because they cant sell all(prenominal) of it. So the acid test ratio takes the current assets and subtracts the stock. This is a test of immediate solvency. If the value of this ratio is much less than 1 the business may have a liquidity problem, as it may have insufficient assets to meet all its liabilities.Debtors and Creditors Payment accomplishmentThe debtors payment period shows how many days it takes on average for the debtors to pay back the owed m geniusy. The creditor payment period shows how many days it takes on average for the business to pay its creditors. Ideally the debtor period should be shorter than the creditor period for better efficiency. Here this is not the case and locomote should be taken to chase the debtors to pay quickly.Gearing RatioThis concerns the business long-term financial stability. It measures how much of the business is financed by debt. The higher the gear wheel percentage, the less secure it will be.Normal figure is 50%. fictional character 2)It is imperative that for any business to trade effectively and be able to grow, it needs to build up enough cash reserves. Therefore it is grand to ensure cash movements, that is the timing of cash in proceed and cash outflow, are managed in much(prenominal) a way that it results in an overall exacting cashflow position.The budget would be negotiated on the basis of forecasted sales revenue, expected spending and any planned capital expenditure. The Bank manager needs to be pursuaded that the cash forecast is realistic and not over optimistic.The budget would be monitored and reviewed on a regular basis and any material changes would be acted on. The negotiations would be based upon the fact such as reliability of the client and suppliers, location of the pub. excessively the fact that being a habitual house, the business is all year round and not seasonal and there are going to be peak seasons such as Christmas and other public holdiays. In addition, the pub would increase its takings by having superfluous events and offers.The budget should build a contingency fund for worst case scenario such as cost over-runs or loss of loyalty of its customers. It needs to show clearly that the owner has invested his/her money as a capital in the business and prepared to risk it, and has a strong track place down in this field and that the business plan is credible.A bank always demands a copy of current management accounts with a cash flow forecast in order to assess a businesss liquidity and then decides whether to grant the overdraft facility or not. Therefore, they are of utmost(a) importance when negotiating a loan from a bank.Cash budget gives an proceed warning of any liquidity problems. It is often a lack of cash that causes most businesses to fail. It will give you an opportunity to decide when and how to increase or decrease your overdraft with the bank.Part 3)The total amount required is 50,000 but the business does not need to draw down all of the money at once. It should be stressed to the bank manager that you have number of long time experience in the same business and you know the trade well. Also you have good interpersonal skills and the ability to get on with all types of people This is important for running a successful pub. You also have to stress that you have done your home work, prepared a business plan and have ideas to boost the business by holding special events throughout the year. You need to do some research about the foodstuff for a pub in that battleground. If there are only one or two pubs in the local area and nothing within, allege 15 mile radius, then an additional pub in that area is going to stand a very good chance of success.AppendixThe following table shows the ratios for the year 2005RatioProfitability ROCE68%Gross Profit Margin66.5%Net Profit 11.3%Direct Wages20%Debtor payment days28 daysCurrent Ratio1.541Acid Test1.11Gearing52%Bibliography1. www.qck.com/business-loans.html2. Cox, 0 and Farndon, M (1997) Management of finance (2nd Edition) WorcesterOsborne Books.3. Dyson, J (1998) Accounting for Non-Accounting Students London Pitman4. Http//www/bized.ac.uk Learning resources terminate summary notes on main topics.5. Management and Cost Accounting, 4th Edition, by Colin Drury, Thomson Business Press.6. Active Accounting by Brammer, Cox, Fardon, Penning. Osborne books.

Saint Anselm’s Ontological Argument Analysis

perfection Anselms ontological Argument AnalysisBarbara NallsThesisIn this paper I forget investigate holy man Anselms ontological Argument in sight to make an attempt at micturateing approximately clear evidence to cause this question Did shrine Anselm believe in beau ideal?Argument reverence Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury (1033-1109), is the creator of the ontological argument. Saint Anselms ontological argument is classifi fitted from early(a) arguments that attempt to prove that it is the introduction of matinee idol, the creator, and no. but some abstract entity that is hold upence defined. Saint Anselms argument reads as followsIn my opinion, while Saint Anselm was a deep thinker, he was even more(prenominal) so, in this case, a deeper writer. I believe the common reader should be able to see the soundness of an argument, so that they may be able toaccept or reject the writers position. I think the ontological Argument of Saint Anselm is unclear because the writing style is confusing and it take to be more understandable. Maybe a simpler script or updated random variable of Saint Anselms message would clarify his position to ordinary readers wish well me. Based on Cliffords comment It is never lawful to stifle a doubt, for either it endure be honestly answered by means of the dubiousness already make, or else it proves that the inquiry was not complete, 2(Encountering the Real,pg. 502).Speak of the devil Saint Anselm does seduce a second version of his ontological Argument, and it statesWith all that being said, this version of Saint Anselms argument is also ab break through as clear as mud However, by definition, divinity is a being than which none great can be imagined, is now more in good order put as followsObjection(s)Along with his 1st Argument, Saint Anselms second version of the ontological Argument is also believed to have failed in its efforts to all the centering state his position to his readers/audience, accor ding to some of his peers. The following names argon some of Saint Anselms peers along with the some other writers who spy their objections to the clarity and understandability of his Ontological Argument.Monk, Gaunilo of Marmoutier, a contemporary of Saint Anselm, convey an important criticism against Saint Anselms Ontological Argument. Monk Gaunilo states that Saint Anselm is basically defining things into existence. Monk Gaunilo remarks that he believes this practice is unacceptable. Monk Gaunilo thinks that by using Saint Anselms method of argument authors could simply employment such tactics in an attempt to argue and even hold up the existence of all sorts of non-existent things.Saint Thomas doubting Thomas (1224-1274) wrote that Gods existence is self-evident. Saint Thomas Aquinas believed that since m whatever people have different thoughts of God, Saint Anselms Ontological Argument works lone(prenominal) to sway those people who would define the inclination of God the same way or have the same concepts of God. In Saint Thomas Aquinass view he believed, even if everyone had the same concept of God it does not in that locationfore follow that he understands what the word signifies exists actually, but all that it exists mentally. In Saint Thomas Aquinas understanding he points out that when we try to connect the phrase a being than which none great can be imagined with more familiar predictable concepts they dont help us to get an in depth view of God.Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) directs his celebrated objection at the third premise of Saint Anselms Ontological Argument. This is where Saint Anselm makes the telephone call that a being that exists as an idea in someones mind as well as in pragmatism, is greater than if that being exists only as an idea in just their mind alone. Based on Saint Anselms premise estimate three, existence is whats unders in additiond to be a great-making property or, as sometimes referred to, a perfection. Premise th ree thus explains that (a) existence is a property and (b) to characterize existence makes a thing better, if all things are equal, than it would have been otherwise. Immanuel Kant rejects premise three on the ground that, as a purely formal matter, existence does not function as a predicate. While Kants criticism is phrased a bit obscurely in terms of thelogicof predicates and copulas, it also makes a conceivable metaphysical point. Existence is not a property like the way that being red is a property of an apple. Instead existence is a precondition for the exemplification of things in the sense that, it is not possible for a non-existent thing to exemplify any properties because there is nothing that such a property can sting itself to. Nothing has no qualities whatsoever. To say thatxexemplifies or instantiates a propertyPis hence to suppose thatxexists. So, with this line of reasoning, existence isnt a great-making property because it is not a property at all it is rather a m etaphysically takeful condition for the instantiation of any properties. Okay, Immanuel Kant also writes like Saint Anselm, way too deep for the poor little old average readers like meResponses(s)In response to Saint Anselms Ontological Argument, other writers have made modal versions to express their thoughts rough his ontological argument, below are ii of those responses.The first response to Saint Anselms Ontological Argument comes from (Anselms Ontological Argument,Philosophical Review, vol.69, no.1 (1960), 41-62 by Norman Malcolm). According to Malcolms view, the existence of an unlimited being is said to be either rationally essential or logically not possible. Norman Malcolms argument for this claim is either that an unlimited being exists or that an unlimited being does not exist by his logic there are no other possibilities. Reducing Malcoms argument to its basic elements it would read as followsThe following(a) response to Saint Anselms Ontological Argument is from Al vin Plantinga, (God, Freedom, and Evil(New York Harper and Row, 1974). Plantinga complains that Saint Anselms argument is remarkably unconvincing if not downright abominable he says that it looks too much like a parlor tucker out or some kind of word magic riddle. Not surprisingly, Alvin Plantinga shares my feelings about Saint Anselms writings.Finally, here is my response to Saint Anselms Ontological Argument. In just my lowly opinion, I think a person who writes in riddles is not out to teach as much as they are out to prove how smart they are. God does not need our help to show his existence, we need His help to see that He exists. This to me is like a child trying to prove they have parents, the process is self-evident. I am, so they areConclusionPer Anselm A being that of necessityexists in reality is greater than a being that does notnecessarilyexist.Thus, by definition, if God exists as an idea in the mind but does not necessarily exist in reality, then we can imagine som ething that is greater than God.But we cannot imagine something that is greater than God.Thus, if God exists in the mind as an idea, then God necessarily exists in reality.God exists in the mind as an idea.Therefore, God necessarily exists in reality.In reaction to the above riddle, I investigated several sources to establish clear evidence to answer the question, Did Saint Anselm believe in GOD? My findings were Saint Anselm wrote, in his 1st version of his ontological argument there is no doubt that there exists a being, than which nothing greater can be conceived, and it exists both in the understanding and in reality. 1(Anselm, http//www.iep.utm.edu/ont-arg/). In the 2nd version of his Ontological Argument Saint Anselm states God is that, than which nothing greater can be conceived. And God assuredly exists so truly, that it cannot be conceived not to exist There is, then, so truly a being than which nothing greater can be conceived to exist, that it cannot even be conceived no t to exist and this being thou art, O Lord, our God. So the answer is YES, Anselm believed that God does exist.Citations1(Anselm, http//www.iep.utm.edu/ont-arg/)2(Encountering the Real,pg. 502)3(Malcolm, Norman, Anselms Ontological Argument,Philosophical Review, vol. 69, no. 1 (1960), 41-62)4(Plantinga, Alvin,God, Freedom, and Evil(New York Harper and Row, 1974)BibliographyAnselm, St.,Anselms Basic Writings, translated by S.W. Deane, 2ndEd. (La Salle, IL Open Court Publishing Co., 1962)Anselm Ontological Argument for Gods Existence, http//www.iep.utm.edu/ont-arg/Davenport, Ronald. Saintleo, Modules 1- 4 Lecture Notes.Aquinas, Thomas, St.,Summa Theologica(1a Q2), Whether the Existence of God is Self- Evident (Thomas more than Publishing, 1981)Kant, Immanuel,Critique of Pure Reason, translated by J.M.D. Meiklejohn (New York Colonial Press, 1900)Malcolm, Norman, Anselms Ontological Argument,Philosophical Review, vol. 69, no. 1 (1960), 41-62Plantinga, Alvin,God, Freedom, and Evil(New Y ork Harper and Row, 1974)Saint Leo University. Encountering the Real. 2013 ed. New York Cengage Custom. Print

Lack Of Hand Washing Contributes Infection Nursing Essay

Lack Of contact Washing Contri besideses transmission c ar for EssayAim of extend to hygienics is to remove micro-organisms carried on the scratch and any break in the shin mass harbor bacterium and whitethorn be a evanescele transmitting jeopardize to affected roles. right on apply roll rinse enough to remove the harmful pathogens from the skin. Hand laundry is most wideness and effective way of preventing and positive cross transmission system from wellness c argon provide. Gould et al (2008) stated that most infection is delivered to patients direct via counterchange of health raceers. Transmissions of pathogens via go through of health c be workers maturation the contingency of nasocomial infections. Horton (1995) sees that strain back weaken is effective mover to cherishing patients from nosocomial infections.The health c ar professionals are aware of the need for overstep lavation and they do non wash their bridge player as often as the y should. They must providers to fit of safe and high standard of patients care within minimum put on the line of nosocomial infection in infirmary. E genuinely year 9% of patients admitted to hospital associated infections. Many patients treated in hospital develop infections aft(prenominal) discharge, for fashion model 50-70 % of surgical wound infections become apparent after discharge merely these are non monitored NAO (2004).This paper lead discuss about insufficiency of baseball mitt hygiene is a common problem in my work setting. healthcare professional moderate long been aware that airstream reach outs cut infection rates and saves lives Baldry (1976).Despite this, Suchitra and Lakshmidevi (2007) cerebrate that healthcare shut away choke to convention pricey mitt washing to their patients. Nurses must aware to be a redeeming(prenominal) role model for junior staff to manage an effective hand washing to prevent infection.It aims to enable community nurs ing and professional genus Ph entirelyus to practice safely and effectively hand washing in the community. tally to Suchitra and Lakshmidevi (2007) says that compliance with hand hygiene was highest among junior staff such as care assistants and lowest among doctors and reserves. Larson E, Killien M (1982) recollects that need of cognisance among personnel about hand washing, organization and personal attitudes and diverse logistical barriers are the factors and reason for hapless hand hygiene practices among professional health. familiarity is one factors contribute of infection. Barriers to good hand hygiene include poor k instanterledge of infection control, clock pressures, poor proficiency, in nice facilities, and in steal robes and hand adornments. (NAO 2004 Department of Health (DH) 2005). Professional healthcare staff must have a good knowledge hand washing take place by standard precaution to prevent infection. It dirty dog reduce infection via hand to hand am ong them. Gould et al (2008) thinks that infections in healthcare setting are diffuse by direct contact (cross infection) of health workers.Professional healthcare should give health direction to patients about the pregnant of hand washing in preventing infection. Hand washing frequency increases following command, the rate before long returns to the previous level Williams and Buckles (1998).As professional healthcare workers knowledgeable of hand washing is master(prenominal) to prevent infection but sometime they are incomplete knowledge about this issue. According to Searle (1987) says that knowledge among the trained give is incomplete about general precautions. Professional healthcare workers knowledge result have impact on the standards of infection control and quality of health education.The correct skill and proficiency of hand washing are beta to prevent infection among the patients. Griffiths (2002) says that the area most often missed in practice hand washing is the back of thumbs, the crucifys and between the fingers. Therefore hand washing is an effective means of controlling infection, sometime healthcare member forgotten to practice the correct way. Health professionals do not invariably practice effective technique (Larson and Killien, 1992).Effective technique of hand washing nates prevent spread of pathogens from patients to another member or staff who whitethorn subsequently pass the bacterium on to other patients and decrease hospitalisation mortality. According to Eaton (2005) hand washing is actually importance in controlling MRSA among the patients. From one study of compliance with hand washing (Girou and Oppein, 2001) state that 50% of healthcare workers did not wash their hands after the procedure.Hand drying after washing is very primary(prenominal) to prevent infection be attain wet surfaces transfer microorganisms thrive in a damp environment. Griffiths (2002) says that drying hand with paper towels are effective t echnique to prevent infection because the friction helps to remove passing(a) organisms from the surface of the skin. Merchant (2001) options that using disposable paper to drying hand are more(prenominal) than effective technique and quicker (7-9 seconds) compared using hand semiarid (25 seconds).When hand washing facilities are poor, it contributes to infection. Clinical hand wash throw away are required in all areas where clinical activities are performed. genial placement of sinks and adequate provision of slash and soft paper towels ordain encourage frequent and appropriate hand washing Kesavan et al (1998).Provision of adequate and appropriate facilities could be remediated hand washing compliance. According to Harris et al (2000) stated that hindering factors of good hand washing are miss of time, poor facilities and materials. The Infection Control Nurses Association (1998) mentions that commitments by managers to improve resources are important to prevent poor han d hygiene among healthcare and patients.The measure of easy access to hand hygiene supplies, whether sink, inebriantic beverage hand nark or soap, is egotism explanatory. Busy healthcare workers to walk away from patients deliver to reach a wash basin or hand antiseptic factors invites noncompliance with hand hygiene recommendations (Pittet and Mourouga 1999). Community of nurses find that facilities in hospital are not suitable for prevent hand de befoulment. Larson and Killen (1992) opine that when resources are not available, in that location will cause of poor hand washing. Therefore if facilities are very poor it is possible to decontaminate the hands thoroughly to infection.Hands may be cleansed with soap, water and with antiseptics such as chlorhexidine , povidone single, triclosan or alcohol which typically contain 60-90% ethanol or isopropanol and it is most important means of preventing spread of infection. Liquid soap will remove many of the flying microorganisms . Kerr (1998) mentions that limpid soap is preferable to bar soap in clinical area as it avoids the contamination problems. ICNA (1998) also says that hand washing with liquid soap is adequate for most routine procedures and the handling of used equipment is tardily removed by washing for 10-15 seconds. There for using liquid soap also avoids some contamination problem. Reybrouck (1986) believes that it is acknowledged that the dispenser of liquid soap may keep lead from contamination. However Heenan (1992) options that harsh soap challenges is more practice and recognized by healthcare professional.Alcohol will kills bacteria more effectively than most other products because it preparations have a rapid action. According to Lee and Bishop (1997) mentions that alcohol is an effective agent to avoid the microorganism by dissolving lipids in the cell wall. However Voss and Widmer (1997) believe that using alcohol is a widely advocated where the hands avoid from soiled. Alcohol handr ub also will save time if the handrub is widely available at each bed dummy. 17.4% reduction in the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and a logical reduction in the proportion of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by the introduction of Spiri gel, which is an alcohol-based gel (Gopal Rao et al 2002). Alcohol with added emollients are less irritating than antiseptic agents and in effect(p) as detergents. Larson (1999) mentions that emollients may protect against cross infection by holding the resident skin flora intact and hand lotion to protect skin irritating.Alcohol also as an antiseptic agents and prevent the spread of infection in healthcare setting. Kjolen and Anderson (1992) opinion that alcohol are now available an antiseptic agents such as triclosan and chlorhexidine to destroy microorganism. However I not agree with this stamen because alcohol rub dope spore forming pathogen and are not suitable for use in all situ ations. Therefore soaps are still using as a washing agent in clinical area. A study undertaken in Sweden by Meding and Jarvhol (2002) states that rate of skin wrath among the general macrocosm is 9.7-11.8% lower than among healthcare professional workers. Percentage of healthcare workers with skin irritation could be much higher than that of the general public reaching a prevalence rate of 17-30% (Smit et al 1993).Antiseptic agent may be better than traditional hand washing to decrease infection rate. Heenan (1996) suggest that antiseptic agent more invasive procedures, contamination with body fluids and dealing with infectious patients. Antiseptic agent is have-to doe with, triclosan, chlorhexidine and alcohol usually discussed products.According to McLure and Gordon (1992) povidone iodine has a wider spectrum of activity than chlorhexidine. However Kampf et al (1998) believes that 70% chlorhexidine more effective agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ).Therefore these products are ideal and can save the time. Heenan (1996) mentions that antiseptic agent can save time as an alternative to hand washing in busy treatment area. private hygiene especially fingernails are important in hand washing to preventing infection. Horton and Parker (2002) mention that daily bathing, keeping nails short, tying hair and not eroding jewellery, with hand washing is a important aspect to avoid infection. The space below long fingernails operates as a reservoir for bacteria. It will increase the risk of cross infection among healthcare member to the patients. Artificial nails and nail art should be avoided because they increase the number of bacteria present, increasing risk of cross infection Jeanes and Green (2001). Short fingernails prevent from infection and adjoin the patients skin, which is easily to be fragile among elderly people. Larson et al (1998) mention that when it becomes new and chapped on the skin, it available to contribute to c ross infection. Poor hand hygiene can spread of MRSA and increase the mortality in hospital. Newsom (1993) discover that the rate of mortality from puerperal fever was 11.5% when delivery had been perform by doctors in obstetrician in Vienna Lying.These sometime antiseptic agents have a propensity to holds to skin irritation and allergic effects. Ayliffe et al (1988) mentions that iodine and alcohol has little or no residual effect after used. According to Larson (1995) says that triclosan has relatively low skin irritation and Babb et al (1991) believe that triclosan and iodine was little effects used. Alcohol based hand rub also will damage the skin such as importunate sensation. Boyce (2000) agree that damage skin are stimulated by the alcohol and cause irritation to the epidermal. The effects of hand hygiene product can cause problem to the skin. Gould et al (2000) Larson (2001) Boyce (2001) mention that frequently of hand washing among healthcare staff are frequently problem due to insane and dry hands.Hand washing is clearly seen as the responsibility of the individual(a) healthcare workers and patients of preventing infection. Staff attitude are the factors to contribute lack of hand hygiene in hospital. In order to change attitude, healthcare kit and boodle must be motivated. Achieved a change in attitude by providing interventions to reinforce hand washing (Williams and Buckles 1988). According to Zimakoff et al (1992) studied the factors that claim hand hygiene behavior in healthcare works in 15 hospitals in Denmark and Norway. Safe practice will occur when staffs are well informed and positive attitude toward to prevent infection. Kretzer (1998) opinion that various psychosocial parameters hand hygiene behavior include attitude, social, habits, role model, knowledge and motivation.Healthcare works must take precautions to protect ourselves and patients from infection. However I believe a bad attitude is cause of poor hand hygiene among health care staff. The Infection Control Nurses Association (ICNA 1998) mentions that hand washing policies has publish but nurses do not adhere the hand washing protocols effectively. conviction also one of the factors to contribute infection. Ayliffe (1978) mentions that savant nurses takes between 1 routine and 1.5 minutes to walk 5 yards to a sink, adjust the water, wet the hand, convey some liquid soap and complete hand washing technique as devised. This hand cleansing technique was carried out more than 10 minutes or around 15% of the shift in activities concerned with hand washing. Weeks (1999) say that 15 % extra staffing would be required to continue these extra hand washing duties. While Pittet and Beyce (2001) believe that if alcohol hand rub was used, it only takes 20 seconds for hand hygiene and it would reduced considerably. meter of hand washing also depending on policy is managed. Staff should be cleansed before and after every patient contact with no exception, as ou tlined in the evident-based practice project (EPIC) Pratt et al (2001).Wet surfaces can transfer microorganism more effectively than dry ones and bacteria stay after washing will be removed by the added friction. Marples and Towers (1979) believe that wet surfaces previously transfer microorganisms more effectively than dry environment. Drying is important to reduce infection and risk of sore. Ansari et al (1991) says that hand drying is importance in removing and avoids transfer microorganism effectively.Towels should be dried well each time and changed regularly after used to prevent infection. According to Horton (1995) cloth towel become damp and colly are potential to be a significant source of infection. Drying hand with paper towels also advocated away evanescent microorganism. Ansari et al (1991) says those disposable paper towels are more effectively than cloth towel to prevent infection and reducing contamination. Drying with paper towels is quicker and more thorough 7- 9 seconds compared to 25.4 seconds with dryers.Now hot air dryers have been installed in public expound such as restaurants and shopping complex. Unfortunately there may in fact contribute to the dissemination of infection. The circuits and nozzles of dryers can become heavily contaminated and could decontaminated hand by recirculation bacteria laden air currents (Redway et al, 1991).Education and instruction for healthcare workers in hand washing are important for preventing infection among them and patients. Elliott (1996) believes that education and training adequate about hand washing is importance in promoting safe practice for professional healthcare workers. Health education and training hand washing should be reinforced at each healthcare staff and patients. This will improve training in hand washing and education of infection factors. However House of Lords (2003) have report that healthcare do not receive comprehensive pre-registration education in infection control.Hosp ital need to develop education to healthcare works as strategies to improve hand hygiene among them. Health education for all staff about hand washing technique are recommended, barely Naikoba and Hayward (2001) opinion that one off educational interventions have a restrict effect. Bischoff et al (2000) Education and feedback intervention and patient awareness programmes, tribulation to improve hand washing compliance (Bischoff et al 2000). learned are important among healthcare professional of preventing infection. Goulds (1995) mention that nurses theoretical and knowledge of universal precautions is usable to prevent infection and ability to assimilate theoretical knowledge into practice. Knowledgeable followed by standard precaution can give a top hat treatment to the patients, therefore it can decrease infection problem. The nurse with trammel background knowledge will lack the tools needed from experience and the mountain chain of practice will be limited by background the nurse brings to the clinical situation (Benner 1984).Guidelines and policies should clear to describe hand washing activities. Gould (2002) says that a general rules was recommended for healthcare workers to breaking the chain of infection. New protocol and guidelines may lead to clearer definitions of terms being developed. Educating healthcare works on protocol and guidelines may be equally and beneficial in encouraging to them. Infection control nurses or their link nurses could undertake this teaching at ward level as this is viewed as the best place to teach good clinical practice (Gould 1996).However, this could be lacking and vague in essay based guidelines and a clear documented standard principle are needed. Pratt et al (2000) mentions that The Epic Projects was designed to develop guidelines and standard principles for preventing Healthcare associated infection (HAIs).Therefore, failure technique of hand washing among the healthcare workers cause of failure of guidel ines. According to Parker (1999) states that failure in education and training can cause of failure of hand hygiene. Hoffman and Wilson (1994) also believe that evidence based guidelines of hand washing technique is less clear, however brief hand wash followed by rinsing and drying is recognized to remove some transient skin flora.Health teaching and scientific information about hand washing is important to prevent infection among healthcare staff and public. Health education about hand hygiene should offering from early school among the student to practice the correct technique. Institute of Child Health (UCL 2009) says that parents and children should been know the important of hand hygiene to prevent infection. It is not just knowledge to them but as a responsibility for their own action. Information and health teaching among patients and visitor about hand washing is a nurses responsibility. According to Charalambous (1995) says that nurses should publicize information and poss ess good teaching skills include demonstration of appropriate hand washing.From the literature it is clear that poor hand cleansing by healthcare workers increase the risk of infection. Most infections in hospitals and other settings where health and social care are delivered are transmitted to patients directly via the hand of health workers (Gould et al 2008).Evidence indicates that many factors to contribute infection among healthcare staff. secluded Enquire into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy CESDI (1999) study that around 5% of the demise analyses cause of infection.Factors influence to infection such as lack of knowledge, lack of attitude, lack of facilities, lack of technique and lack of times. An intervention to promote hand washing plays an important role in the prevention of infection in hospitals.ConclusionIn healthcare setting, frequently hand washing among healthcare staff can prevent infection spreading from patient to patient and from patient to healthcare staff. The primary goal of Infection Control is to spring up all staff to practice good infection prevention technique to protect patients from spreading infection. Guidelines and protocols should therefore be clear to encourage universal compliance to best practice. To improve patient safety and reduce costs, good hand washing should become the highest priorities in healthcare institutions.

Comparison of Monsson Wedding to Heat and Dust Essay -- essays res

Despite differing in form, the film Monsoon Wedding, directed by Mira Nair and the novel Heat and Dust, by Ruth Prawler Jhabvala, have many similarities. two of these texts convey an Indian world and the people in it.Monsoon Wedding is a party arthouse, party Bollywood film which deals with the leadup to the wedding of two young people, Aditi and Hermant. It combines their falsehood with that of Aditis father, Lalit, and his family responsibilities, as well as the events occurring in the lives of their servants, Dubey and Alice. This combining of ten-fold storylines into one cohesive narrative is one of the characteristics of Bollywood films.The title of the film refers to the monsoon, or rainy season, in India. The majority of the film is set in the buildup to the monsoon, when the tyrannical heat is at its strongest. This is metaphorically linked to the buildup of tension and anxiety in the days leading up to the wedding. The monsoon itself, like the wedding, symbolises cleansi ng and renewal beforehand a new start.One thing that sets this film apart from former(a) Bollywood films is that it deals with taboo issues in its portrayal of Uncle Tejs pedophilia. This is seen from the point of view of his splash victim, Ria. The audience is not told explicitly what is occurring, but through the use of shots of Ria appearing distressed followed by shots of Tej, it becomes apparent that something sinister is happening. This particular storyline climaxes with Rias public accusation...

Free Essays - A Lesson Before Dying :: Lesson Before Dying Essays

Ganes, Earnest J. A Lesson Before Dying. New York Vintage Books1993. musical genre Novel256 pages Setting The story is set in a little Cajun Louisiana town in the 1940s.The setting in this story is profound because, the whole story is ab turn out how a young colour boy is treated unfairly and sentenced to death because of something he did not do. It also deals with the emotions that this black boy faces because he has been treated unfairly by the exsanguinous people. study Characters Jefferson, black boy who is accused of a crime and sentenced to death naming Wiggons, teacher sent to help Jefferson. After he went and obtained a college degree, dish out Wiggins goes back to live with his grandmother. Being that he is a very better soulfulness, Grant was elected by his grandmother to try and get Jefferson to read that he was a man and not an animal like the white people had led him to believe. Throughout the entire novel, Grant is battling this appraisal in his head because he doesnt feel that even he knows what it is to be a man. He doesnt believe that he is the right person to talk to Jefferson. But by the end of the novel, he figures out what it is to be a man.Minor Characters Miss Emma is Jeffersons grandmother. She is the one who had the whole idea of Grant going up to the jail and talk of the town to Jefferson, showing him that he is a man. Tante Lou is Grants aunt. She is the person who raised Grant to be the good, kind person that he is. She is also the one who talked Grant into talking to Jefferson. Vivian is Grants girlfriend she is Grants encouragement. Whatever problems he has, he always talks to her about them and she makes him feel better, and helps him through them. compendious This story is about racism in the south and how it affects the people it concerns. It starts out with Jefferson being sentenced to death for a crime that he did not commit. He was in the wrong place, at the wrong time, and because he was black, they assumed he di d it. Grant Wiggins is told to go up to the jail and convince Jefferson that he is a man. At first he doesnt know how to make Jefferson hang that he is a man, but through visiting Jefferson, talking to Vivian and witnessing things round the community, he is able to reach Jefferson, convince him that he was a man.

charant Characterization in Sophocles Antigone Essays -- Antigone es

Antigone motion-picture show This essay will illustrate the types of characters depicted in Sophocles tragic drama, Antigone, whether inactive or dynamic, flat or round, and whether portrayed through the showing or telling technique. Martin Heidegger in The Ode on Man in Sophocles Antigone explains, in a rather involved theory, the destruction of Creons character The conflict in the midst of the overwhelming presence of the essent as a whole and mans violent being-there creates the possibility of downfall into the issueless and placeless misfortune. But disaster and the possibility of disaster do not occur only at the end, when a hit act of power fails, when the violent one makes a false drive no, this disaster is fundamental, it governs and waits in the conflict between violence and the overpowering. Violence against the prevalent power of being must shatter against being, if being rules in its essence, as physics, as emerging power(98). The dialogue, action and motivat ion revolve about the characters in the story (Abrams 32-33). Werner Jaeger in Sophocles Mastery of Character Development pays the dramatist the genuinely highest compliment with regard to character development The ineffaceable impression which Sophocles makes on us today and his imperishable position in the literature of the world ar both due to his character-drawing. If we ask which of the men and women of Greek tragedy constitute an independent life in the imagination apart from the stage and from the unquestionable plot in which they appear, we must answer, those created by Sophocles, above all others (36). for sure it can be said of Sophocles main characters that they grow beyond the devil dimension... ...ment of his edict he changes after Teiresias visit and warning. Ismene and Haemon become dynamic afterwards in the tragedy. Rarely does the dramatist use the chorus to convey cultivation most of this comes from exchanges of dialogue, which would be the showing tech nique. WORKS CITED Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of literary Terms, 7th ed. New York Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999. Antigone by Sophocles. Translated by R. C. Jebb. no pag. http//classics.mit.edu/Sophocles/antigone.html Heidegger, Martin. The Ode on Man in Sophocles Antigone. In Sophocles A Collection of Critical Essays, modify by Thomas Woodard. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Jaeger, Werner. Sophocles Mastery of Character Development. In Readings on Sophocles, edited by Don Nardo. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1997.

Frankenstein: Shelley Use of Mascuine and Feminine Roles :: Free Essay Writer

Frankenstein Shelley Use of Mascuine and Feminine RolesShelley began writing Frankenstein in the phoner of what has been called her male coterie, including her lover Percy Shelley, Lord Byron and his physician John Polidori. It has been suggested that the enamour of this group, and particularly that of Shelley and Byron, affected her portrayal of male characters in the novel. As Ann Campbell writes The characters and plot of ground of Frankenstein reflect . . . Shelleys conflicted feelings about the masculine circle which surrounded her. sure the male characters in Frankenstein are more developed that those of the females. Elizabeth Fay has suggested that the female characters are idealised figures in much of Shelleys work, particularly in the descriptions of Carolean and Elizabeth, the two mother figures in the novel. Caroline is, on surface value, a perfect parent, together with her husband, which renders Victors irresponsibility in abandoning the putz more unforgivable. She possessed a mind of uncommon mould which was as well soft and benevolent she is compared to a fair exotic flower which is furnish by Alphonse she drew inexhaustible stores of affection from a very exploit of love to bestow on Victor, and her tender caresses are some of his number 1 recollections. She is the idealised mother, a figure that Shelley viewed wistfully, as her own mother died when she was ten days old to be replaced by a disinterested stepmother. Carolines parenting provides the care that Frankenstein might well have lacked, had he been left-hand(a) to his father alone his father dismisses Agrippas work without explanation, thereby lay Victor on his course towards destruction. This is the first introduction of a theme that continues throughout the book, that of the necessity for female figures in parenting and in society. Without a mother figure and left only with Frankenstein who subsumes both parental roles, the faunas life is b motivelessed by his imperfectio n and lack of companionship. However, Caroline is also the trigger to Alfonses chivalry, thus presenting him in an improved light and allowing his character to develop at the expense of her own wateryness. This is a libber comment from Shelley, whose mother Mary Wollenstonecraft was a notorious feminist and an important influence. Justine, too, is an idealised figure, described during the trial as having a warrant which, always engaging, was rendered, by the solemnity of her feelings, exquisitely beautiful. She is the archetypal innocent, being beautiful, weak and entirely accepting of her fate to the point of martyrdom.

Innocent Man by John Grisham Essays -- essays research papers

The innocent man is the story of Ron Williamson who was unjustly convicted of murder and dog-tired twelve years on death row before macrocosm exonerated by DNA evidence. Ron Williamson was born in Ada, a tiny town in Oklahoma. His future looked bright when he was young and he was an exceptional athlete who was drafted by the Oakland Athletics. After an unsuccessful career in the minors Ron Williamson became a drug addict and an alcoholic whose life-time steady got worse. He could not keep any job and he began outgo most of his time in bars, and living with various friends. He soon accumulated a criminal record that included DUI?s, check fraud, and dickens rape charges that did not result in conviction. He became a labored user of prescription drugs on top of his alcohol abuse, and after his baseball career ended he developed several mental llnesses and began to make it brief spans of time in mental hospitals. When a waitress who worked at a bar he often frequented was raped and murdered he became a suspect. Eventually he was convicted of the crime which he did not give way and was sentenced to death. A friend of his, Dennis Fritz was also wrongfully convicted as an accomplice and sentenced to life in prison. It was a terrible ordeal that Ron Williamson and Dennis Fritz suffered being wrongly convicted of a murder. They both spent 11 years in prison, fritz serving a life sentence and Williamson on death row, locked up with heartless killers and hard-boiled like an animal. The agree also has a subplot revolving around the abduction of another female child in Ada who to this day has never been found. Two men, Tommy Ward and Kurt Fontenot were convicted of a rape and murder and are currently serving life sentences. Although no concret... ...tem. It is unbelievable how lax, inadequate, and unjust the justice department can actually be in our country that we thought was civilized. It is ludicrous that many of the same volume who convicted two innocent men of crimes and nearly got one killed are hush working in the same offices even after they were proven unethical, and undeferential to their duty. This agree was not written help Ron Williamson or Dennis Fritz, they have already been exonerated and have received compensation. It was probably not written for money, rear end Grisham stated in a speech that he feared a lawsuit. (law.virginia.edu) This book was written to make a political point. Even though this book is somewhat biased against the death penalty it still should enrage an American citizen who believes that a person is ?innocent until proven guilty,? and ?has a right to catch ones breath silent.?

The Zone Diet Versus the Atkins Diet Essay -- Health Nutrition Diet Ex

The Zone and Atkins diets tendency to achieve lower levels of insulin in the bloodstream. The Zone diet reduces carbohydrates by structuring kilogram calorie intake to a 40% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 30% fat symmetry. The ratio decreases the amount of carbohydrates consumed, inturn baleful overall insulin levels. The Atkins diet also lowers insulin levels by lowering the quantity of carbohydrates ingested. This four phase diet begins with extreme limitation and gradually allows low-spirited amounts of carbohydrates. Though these diets implement different approaches they both reduce the insulin levels in the bloodstream. The Zone diets main concern is a lifelong optimization of the bodys metabolic function by economy of levels of insulin in the bloodstream. These insulin levels are largely affected by the types of nutrition consumed. Studies reach shown that the consumption of foods high in carbohydrates lead to an increased level of insulin in the bloodstream. This increase in insulin levels is believed to lead to increased hunger and possibly obesity. In order to decrease the levels of insulin in the bloodstream, the Zone diet follows a nonindulgent formula of types and amount of food ingested. This one phase diet follows the plan that a diet should have a balance and avoid ketosis, or causing the body to think it is starving. This balance limits meals to a 40-30-30 composition. 40-30-30 means that 40 percent of a meals calories should be fiber fecund carbohydrates, 30 percent should be low-fat protein, and 30 percent should be fats. reversion to the Food Pyramid, the Zone diet decreases the amount of carbohydrates and increases the amount of protein. This decrease in carbohydrates lowers the levels of insulin and alth... ... The Zone and Atkins diets share the same main goal to regulate insulin levels in the bloodstream. Each has a unique way of achieving this goal. The Zone diet focuses on a strict calorie i ntake breakdown of 40% carbohydrates, 30% protein, and 30% fats. This structure of calorie consumption causes a decrease in the amount of carbohydrates ingested. The diet is not only strict in the proportions of the types of food consumed but also requires six precisely spaced Zone meals throughout the day. The Zone diet requires close adherence to guidelines, but the Atkins diet is in ways more flexible. The Atkins diet begins with an extreme limitation of carbohydrates and gradually allows small quantities, but has no other restrictions. Through balance or stark limitation of carbohydrates, the Zone and Atkins diets aim to reduce large insulin levels in the bloodstream.

Pretty Painless Piercing :: essays research papers

On March 26, 2004, I rushed out the doors of my high school and went to make clean up my friend Tommy from his high school. He climbed in the car and attain we went to New Image Tattoo and Piercing. I was so nervous on the way there but super excited because I was sacking to get my first body abrupt.I was scared and nervous because I only had my ears perforated. My mom got them through with(p) when I was six months old, so I dont remember if it hurt or not. Plus, my parents didnt endure that I was going to get a piercing, so not keen their reaction was a big concern. As much as I was scared about the outcome, the adrenaline was still pumping through my body handle beats in a club playing hip hop.As I commited into the parking lot, I started having second thoughts. Ive never done anything like this before and I thought if my parents found out that theyd make me take out my piercing. As I walked through the doors and into the delay area I was greeted by Bart, one of the own ers. We talked for a little succession and I had to fill out papers as well as pick a navel ring. My choices were barbells or hoops. They recommended a hoop for easier cleaning and a little faster healing time. Since I was going to the rim for senior week in three months, and the hoops were cuter, I aim the hoop. It was a silver hoop with a red ball. I pass along Kurt, the same guy who did my friends piercing. I heard a lot of estimable recommendations, so thats who I wanted. He took me into the room and explained everything as he was opening the packages to everything he was going to use. He explained how to clean my new piercing, as well as healing time. He had me stand up so he could mark me so the piercing would be straight and thusly had me sit back vote out. He reclined the chair and I peaked my dubiousness up so I could watch as he pierced my belly button but I got yelled at. He explained that the piercing could become off center because I was using stomach muscles t o pull myself up to watch. So I put my head back down and he used a breathing technique with me.

The Yellow Wallpaper -- essays research papers

Chapters 12-14Identifying Facts1. huckaback and Jim avoided being seen while floating down the river by camouflaging the raft with thickets and things of that sort. They would on the button cover themselves up with things of nature which served as a shelter and a hiding place.2. huck discovers three men on the wrecked steamboat Jake Packard, Jim Turner, and Bill. 3. Huck and Jim cannot escape the steamboat because there were drunk men in their way.4.The steamboat sinks5.Huck gets his information somewhat dukes and kings from books.Chapters 15-16Identifying Facts1. Huck and Jims plan to reach safe territory was to lot the raft and get on a steamboat and go to the free states.2. When Huck rejoins Jim after they are lost in the fog Jim has been drinking and talk wild.3. Jims response to Hucks trick is frustration. He says how could you make a fool of ole Jim with a lie?4. Huck convinces the men not to inquisition the raft by saying that his pap is on it and he has sm tout ensembl epox.5.Huck and Jim accredit they have passed Cairo because there was no high ground some Cairo.Chapters 17-18Identifying Facts1,After Huck forgets his name he tricks Buck into revealing it by having him opus it.2. Emmeline Grangerford was most interested in the theme of death.3.Huck rediscovers Jim by following a slave into the woods where Jim has been hiding.4.Jim and Hucks raft had been smashed all to flinders.5.Huck feels responsible for Sophias elopement because he had fetched the book with a...

Richard Wrights Black Boy: The Meaning of American Hunger :: Wright Black Boy Essays

Black Boy  The Meaning of American starve         When a person thinks about famish, food comes to mind. We never think of hunger as anything else. In Richard Wrights book titled Black Boy (American Hunger), a young boy faces many different types of hunger. He refers to the phrase American Hunger throughout his book. I feel that the American Hunger which he is referring to is the hunger to be considered an American and be treated as an equal. throughout his life he was treated as if he were from a nonher planet. He was always considered to be different, an outcast and a loser. He felt the remove to be a part of the so-called American Culture. He valued to be able to do what the white children did. He wanted to be able to go to school, to learn, to read, have friends, have a job just now because he was an African American he could not. This is what I will be discussing in this paper his intellectual hunger. Richard was so eager to learn that he kept constantly asking questions, and if his questions were left unanswered he would allow his imagination take over.. He would try to find work in which he would be able to read some of the books. His family and relatives refused to let him learn. at that place is one incident in which his schoolteacher read to him. His grandmformer(a) got smouldering and said that reading was devils work. Through out his childhood he perceive many terms and phrases. He never understood what they meant but in one case they were said he knew if they were good or bad. For example, when Richard was taking a bathtub and his grandmother came in to scrub his backside, Richard replied with, When you get through, kiss back there. This is just one of the many phrases he said in which he did not know the meaning. Through his eagerness to learn he began to understand himself, other blacks, and whites better. He continues to learn and to play dumb for his own survival. His self program line began when a co-worker lent Richard his library card to read Menckens essays. He feels that his dreams and his stories in which he reads are an escape for him. He wants to fit in with others and be able to be apart of America.

Tragedy In Drama Essay -- essays research papers

Tragedy and DramaIn a range of prominent works from Agamemnon to Hamlet, one sees the range of development of the tragic form, from the earlier Grecian to the later Shakespearean tragedies. There are two basic conceptions of catastrophe the concept introduced by Aristotle in his Poetics, and the concept developed by Frederick Nietzsche in his "The Birth of Tragedy." Many dramas can be reviewed to reveal the contrast surrounded by these two concepts of catastrophe, and demonstrate the development of the tragic form over time.The theme of classic calamity stems from Aristotles definition of a tragic admirer. In Aristotles definition, the tragic hero must be a roundbody of high standing so their fall from glory will be all the more horrible. The heros story must invoke pity for the hero and fear of his fall, so the hero cannot be all in all evil. Also, the hero must have a tragic dishonor, a distinction that, in excess, causes him to bring some disaster upon himse lf, and because of this, he cannot be tout ensemble good either. It is important to note that the root of the term tragic flaw is the Greek word hamartia, which is propelually better translated as an geological fault in judgement. Often this flaw or computer error has to do with component a character tempts fate, thinks he can change fate or doesnt realize what fate has in store for him. In Agamemnon, the classic Greek drama, Aeschylus demonstrates the concept of the tragic flaw in the character of Agamemnon. While on his journey to the battle at Troy, Agamemnon has to make the choice to sacrifice his fille for the sake of his fleet. It is this choice that begins the cycle of tragedy. Agamemnons wife, Clytemnestra, sees her husbands act as unforgivable, and upon his return from battle, she murders him in an act of vengeance. However, this is not the only revenge taking place. Clytemnestras lover, whose father Thyestes was tricked by Agamemnon into devouring his own children, too justifies Agamemnons murder as revenge for the acts committed against his family. So date Agamemnon is heralded as a hero in the battle of Troy, his less(prenominal) admirable side is also revealed. In keeping with the Aristotelian concept of tragedy, Agamemnon is seen as neither exclusively good nor entirely bad, thus invoking pity. scarcely his decision to sacrifice his daughter for the good of his fleet and his acts against Thyestes demonstrates the fatal error in judgem... ... influence over the events of the tragedy. Similarly, in Hamlet, the other characters are often more complex than in Greek tragedies, and the interactions of the characters, which may represent their communities as a whole, greatly impact the eventual outcome. From Agamemnon to Hamlet, we have discovered the emanation of the form of salient tragedy. We can see the evolution from the earlier Greek tragedies, that focus on divine intervention and vindication for acts that displeased the gods, to the in truth humanly emotional Hamlet, whose eventual realization of his own responsibilities introduce an entirely new concept to the tragic form. This dramatic range demonstrates the differences between the concepts of tragedy as defined by Aristotle, who believed all tragedy stemmed from some fatal flaw in the character of the hero and that of Nietzsche, who believed the concept of tragedy focused more on the community than on the character of the hero alone. These dramas also represent the evolution of the art of dramatic writing from the earliest Greek authors through Shakespeare, who virtually reinvented tragedy and elevated the art of dramatic writing to the form we know it as today.

Mexico - A Special Place Essay -- essays research papers

Mexico - A Special PlaceIt seemed at first like any other(a) family trip with mom all told excited and planning, my step dad grievous everyone not to pack to a lot, getting on another plane, and then we land. for the first time matter that I noticed was the heat, it made my knees buckle. Then looking or so and seeing all the men with guns, everyone seems so serious going through the lines that have green and red light that either regulate that you tail go or you have to be bankruptped and searched. It was scary seeing all of this right before my eyes. Everyone was speaking a language that I wasnt understanding. All sorts of stack running out to us stressful to give us movements or selling stuff, I dont really k like a shot because I dont know what they were saying. at one time we found the bus that my mom had reserved it was a long, stifling, bumpy ride through poverty and dirtiness. What seemed like a ride that wouldnt stop and seeing accidents and almost being in on e myself, we finally reached a green, tropical area along the beach, whither our condo was. The moment we got into the condo we all got our bathing suits on and ran to the beach. The first thing that I noticed was how hot the sand was. The sand wasnt think the sand that was have in Washington, it was soft and clean and dry that was without rocks and sticks in it. We found a personate to lay and put our stuff under one of the large umbrellas. When we went to go into the water I noticed something that I will never parry. The Mexicans where roped impinge on from our area and all lined up wanting to sell us jewelry, shirts, hats, and pottery. My brother said that they tried to sell him some marijuana, besides no one tried to sell me any of that stuff. Which is a good thing because I am only nine. I didnt go to the ocean as fast as my brother and younger sister did. Or I didnt do what my older sister did, which is flirt with the kitty boys and try to get her tan started. I stayed wi th the people selling stuff. I kept thought that I could swim any time but I could never talk and bargain and try to learn there language. I got so lost and I think that sometimes they had me say the wrong things because they laughed after having me say some phrase of theirs. I wish being the center of attention. I have learned so much about Mexico by just trying to talk to the venders. I level off made friends that I think I will always commend and try to keep in touch with. &nb... ...as the first trip. Being here at home and surrounded by our animateness with money, cars, school, and friends, I forget about the different life that others had in Mexico. I feel the redness coming back to me every time mom wants to take a trip there. My first trip changed my whole perspective for other cultures and relly got me thinking about it would be like if I lived in Mexico or if I had to go through all of the poverty. It make me think how different my life would be if I lived there and thankful that I live where I do, but yet so excited to go down and attain all of the friendly people that can even remember me and my wee when I see them. Mexico made me notice that with all of the friendly people down in Mexico and their not so great life style, that I now have a better understanding for everything that I have. veritable(a) though my life, my family life is different because it is just my mom and I now, when we go to Mexico I still feel the same way about Mexico as when I had my big family. So I think that the place impacts me now with the same feelings no matter who I go with, it is just a special place. No matter how many times that I go to Mexico it is like the first time every time.

Qualitative Data Collection Essay -- Sociology

Qualitative Research Methods A Data Collectors electron orbit Guide (Mack et al 2005) present practical information on qualitative info collection methods. I found this guide precise informative, easy to understand, plain and easy to use for lay in selective information in qualitative research in the field. This guide provides graduation by step instructions to conduct qualitative research by choosing the most sufficient method for that particular situation. This guide enabled me to successfully conduct my interview appointee for qualitative research course.Mack et al (2005) states the three most general qualitative methods, participant observation, in- reasonableness interviews, and focus groups and explained the situations where these methods are particularly suited for obtaining a specific type of data, e.g. Participant observation is appropriate for collecting data on naturally occurring behaviours in their usual contexts. In-depth interviews are optimal for collecting da ta on individuals personal histories, perspectives,and experiences, particularly when sensitive topics are cosmos explored. Focus groups are effective in eliciting data on the pagan norms of a group and in generating broad overviews of issues of concern to the cultural groups or subgroups represented. Field notes, audio/ video recordings, and transcripts are the different types of data obtained from the qualitative methods discussed above. Open-ended questions and probing questions enabled the researcher to get more in depth information from the participants. While sample is the representation of the whole population by a small group which is chosen randomly or by certain criteria to estimate characteristics of the whole population. The objectives of our research question along ... ...on. The handwritten notes are converted into full narratives and then typed and saved into data send of the project into computer. Data ManagementTwo to three copies of all the data (field notes, phonation recordings, and video recordings & observations transcripts) should be made and kept separately from to each one other in a secure location. Process of transcription of voice and video recordings and typing of field notes should be started as soon as possible and kept together in an organized and systematic fashion. whole kit and boodle CitedMack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, K., Guest, G., & Namey, E. 2005. Qualitative Research Methods A Data Collectors Field Guide. Family Health International, North Carolina, USA. Retrieved fromhttp//www.fhi360.org/NR/rdonlyres/emgox4xpcoyrysqspsgy5ww6mq7v4e44etd6toiejyxalhbmk5sdnef7fqlr3q6hlwa2ttj5524xbn/datacollectorguideenrh.pdf

William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay -- William Shakespeare Ro

William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In Romeo and Juliet, honor is depicted in several ways. both Luhrman and Shakespeare represent love in antithetical ways in different contexts to both the Elizabethan era and the contemporary interview. Both the original and subsequently manifestations of the text are valued beca expend they both communicate to the reference on the values of love and society by employing a variety of devices.The central subject dealt within Romeo and Juliet is the subject of love. William Shakespeare and Baz Luhrman thereof represent love to their audience beyond the distinct ideas of love as simple senmagazinents. In the play, there are 2 basic take aims the real world of Verona and the private, intimate battleground of Romeo and Juliets love. The fulfillment of Romeo and Juliets love in the social invigoration of Verona is hindered by external influences the most obvious of which is the feud amidst the Capulets and the Montagues. The old-fashioned grudge is one of many conditions and incidents, which together can be, considered an influence counter-acting the affinity between Romeo and Juliet. Despite the obvious obstacles of conflict and hate, the love of Romeo and Juliet is born and subsists. When Romeo meets Juliet for the prototypal time during the Capulets feast (I.v), the language and form of the dialogue shared by Romeo and Juliet shows that heir private sphere is tot everyy different from public life. Shakespeare thus presents their fist conversation via a sonnet, a poetic convention rattling popular in the Elizabethan age. A sonnets port of the lyrical I allows Shakespeare to break the limits of dramatic performance and to involve his audience emotionally as if they were recipients to a poem. This therefore means that Shakespeare represents Romeo and Juliets love by making the audience of the twain different levels one where all forms of social order break down, and the other, where Romeo and Juliet are the cen tre of the universe. Luhrman also presents this invention of two opposing levels as a representation of love via the use of cinematic techniques. In the aquarium scene, camera distances vary from medium close-shot to close-up and indorse again. The idea of social and physical barriers is presented by having the fish tank between the two of them, keeping them apart thus visualizing to the audience the opposing level of Romeo and Juli... ...ine, it is the water that purifies and cleanses his mind and it the free, flowing nature of water that Luhrman uses as a representation of love. It is thus plausible to see that Luhrman portrays Romeo and Juliet as an allegory for the new-fangled 20th century, whereby Verona Beach is a caricature of the violent atmosphere of our time as well as serving as a representation of love and conflict. The major difference however between Shakespeare and Luhrmans portrayal is that 100 years ago, violence and hedonism was a fashion phase, whereas tod ay it is a part of our society. Due to the lack of technology in society in the 19th century, the art of plays, and the conventions of the Elizabethan household had more focus on the words with minimal costuming and cinematic techniques. Yet among other things, the art of theatre is or was a reflection on society, and Luhrman criticizes the present time by setting Shakespeares tale in another time, with the same catastrophe of death. Thus both Shakespeare and Luhrman portray conflict and the representations of love in two different levels two different levels that shape and reflects the values of both the Elizabethan and contemporary society.